UNIT 1 AP HUMAN 🗺️

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43 Terms

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Human Geography

The study of the spatial aspects of human existence and how humans organize their activities in space.

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Globalization

A set of processes that increase interactions across borders affecting economic, social, and political dimensions.

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Local Diversity

The counter-movement against globalization where individuals express unique cultural identities.

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Distribution

The arrangement of features on Earth's surface, focusing on density, concentration, and patterns.

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Possibilism

A theory suggesting that while the environment imposes limitations, humans can adapt and modify their behaviors.

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Environmental Determinism

The theory that human behavior is strictly controlled by the physical environment.

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Movement (Theme of Geography)

Examines the mobility of people, goods, and ideas focusing on patterns and changes in spatial interactions.

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Regions (Theme of Geography)

Areas that exhibit one or more distinctive characteristics, classified as formal, functional, or vernacular.

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Cultural Hearth

Centers of innovation where cultural traits originate and spread to other areas.

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Acculturation

The process by which immigrant populations adopt aspects of the receiving society's values and customs.

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Expansion Diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait through direct interaction, remaining strong in the origin area.

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Relocation Diffusion

The physical movement of individuals or populations carrying cultural traits to new areas.

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Dot Density Map

A thematic map using dots to represent a quantity of a phenomenon in a given area.

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Choropleth Map

A thematic map using different shades or colors to represent data values across regions.

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Mercator Projection

A cylindrical map projection preserving angles but distorting area, especially near the poles.

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Time-Distance Decay

The principle that the likelihood of an innovation spreading decreases as the distance from its origin increases.

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Hierarchical Diffusion

The spread of cultural traits from larger cities to smaller ones, often initiated by key individuals.

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Stimulus Diffusion

Spread of an underlying principle even if specific cultural traits do not spread.

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Cultural Convergence

The sharing of cultural traits and technologies among societies leading to similarities in practices.

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Sequent Occupance

The process by which landscapes are transformed by successive cultures over time.

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Geographic Information System (GIS)

A system designed to capture, store, manipulate, and analyze geographic data.

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Urbanization

The increasing population of people living in urban areas as opposed to rural areas.

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Suburbanization

The migration of people from urban areas to suburban areas, often associated with the rise of the middle class.

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Rural-Urban Fringe

The transition zone between urban and rural areas, often characterized by mixed land use.

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Metropolitan Area

A large population center consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding areas.

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Global City

A city that has significant economic, political, and cultural influence beyond its own borders.

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Gentrification

The process of renovating neighborhoods, leading to the displacement of lower-income families and individuals.

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Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)

An organization that is neither a part of a government nor a for-profit business, aimed at addressing social or political issues.

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Urban Heat Island Effect

The phenomenon where urban areas experience higher temperatures than their rural surroundings due to human activities.

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Urban Renewal

The redevelopment of areas within a city, often involving the renovation of infrastructure and housing.

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Waste Management

The collection, transportation, and disposal of garbage, sewage, and other waste products.

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Eco-City

A city designed with consideration of environmental impacts, aiming for sustainability and minimal ecological footprint.

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Carbon Footprint

The total amount of greenhouse gases produced directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, event, or product.

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Green Infrastructure

An interconnected network of green spaces that provides environmental, economic, and social benefits.

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Pollution

The introduction of contaminants into the natural environment causing adverse change and harm to ecosystems.

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Climate Change

A long-term shift in temperatures and weather patterns, largely driven by human activities.

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Natural Resource Management

The sustainable utilization and conservation of natural resources like land, water, and minerals.

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Environmental Policy

Laws and regulations aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable practices.

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Spatial Analysis

The technique applied to structures at the human scale, analyzing the locations and relationships between places.

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Urban Planning

The process of designing and regulating the use of land, resources, and infrastructure in urban areas.

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Demographic Transition Model

A model used to represent the transition of countries from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

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Economic Development

The progress in an economy that can lead to improved living standards and growth in jobs.

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Cultural Landscape

The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape, including buildings and land use.