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Significant result
A result with a low probability that chance factors caused any observed difference, correlation, or association in the variables tested.
Null hypothesis
A statement suggesting no effect, which is tested against an alternative hypothesis.
p < 0.05
A significance level commonly used in Psychology to balance type I and type II errors.
Type I error
Rejecting the null hypothesis when it should have been accepted, often due to a lenient significance level (error of optimism).
Type II error
Accepting the null hypothesis when it should have been rejected, typically due to a stringent significance level (error of pessimism).
