quiz 15

psychopharmacology

the study of the effect of drugs on mind
and behavior –

chlorpromazine,

are antagonists that block dopamine receptors to help reduce overstimulation.

Anti-anxiety drugs

focus more on treating symptoms than the actual root cause of the disorder.

d-cycloserine

can enhance therapy and help with other disorders that experience anxiety as a symptom.

lithium salt

A particularly successful medication used to stabilize moods like bipolar disorder

antidepressants

may be used specifically to treat the depression.

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

the patient receives an anesthetic & muscle relaxant and then is administered cycles of electrical stimulation to enhance frontal lobe and other neural activity.

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (RTCMS).

enables increased neural activity by spinning two magnetic coils around the head that can help those who have been deemed resistant to antidepressant medication.

psychosurgery

the removing or destroying brain tissue.

lobotomy

procedure which severs the connection of frontal lobes with emotional centers.

resilience

personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity or even trauma.

Therapy

where the clinician makes use of the best available research with clinical experts, only prescribing treatments based on proven techniques support by extensive data or clinical studies.

psychodynamic theory

therapeutic technique similar to REBT that views individuals as responding to underlying psychological issues, the only difference being that psychoanalysts believe unconscious forces are responsible for the psychological strife.

free association

which consists of patients answering questions about their life, past, dreams, or images shown to them.

group therapy

group interaction, explore social behaviors, develop social skills, and provide feedback for new ways of behaving in a group setting.

Hans Eysenck

2/3 of patients got better with treatment for non-psychotic issues. also found that patients who had been waitlisted for treatment also had a 2/3 rate of recovery despite never receiving treatment.

Mary Lee Smith

developed a technique called meta-analysis.

meta-analysis.

combining the results of hundreds of different therapy studies in order to determine its effectiveness.

psychotherapy

psychological treatment that consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

biochemical therapy

medication or other biological treatments designed to alleviate symptoms or remedy the disorder.

Behavioral approaches

see the problems as learned behaviors that can be replaced by constructive behaviors via learning principles.

Cognitive approaches

seek new, more adaptive ways of thinking based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our physiological and emotional states

humanistic approaches

seek to boost people’s self-fulfillment by helping grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance; they favor promoting personal growth as a means of curing the illness.

counter-conditioning

the use of classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors.

exposure therapies

can aid people in the recovery or coping with fears.

systematic desensitization

is forming relaxed associations with fearful stimuli or situations; you are essentially attempting to replace the stressors associated anxiety and stress with a state of relaxation.

Aversive conditioning

associate an unpleasant state or experience with an unwanted behavior.

token economy

is any set of secondary reinforcers that can be used to encourage new, positive behaviors by offering a token (such as money or an agreement) to gain a reward for a good behavior.

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

was designed to challenge a person’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions in the hopes of making a positive change in one’s physiology by replacing self-defeating thoughts and attitudes with healthy or productive feelings.

Albert Ellis

One of the founding members of the cognitive approach and movement

Aaron Beck

took a lighter approach as he organized more gentle questioning to reveal irrational thinking.

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

change behavior by identifying self-defeating thoughts that altered our perceptions of the world.

client-centered therapy (CCP)

focuses on finding and fulfilling the needs of the individual and setting their lives in motion towards meaningful goals.

active listening

empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies the message of the client.

unconditional positive regard

meaning they must listen without judgement so as to allow the client to feel comfortable communicating genuinely.