Industrial Revolution

What was the time period of the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution occurred from 1750 to the 1900s.

What were some major technological advances during the Industrial Revolution?

Machines replaced human labor, new energy sources were developed, and there was a significant move towards urbanization.

What is capital in the context of the Industrial Revolution?

Capital refers to money from farmers and trade used to invest in new technology and industry.

What is urbanization?

Urbanization is the process of people moving into cities.

What were enclosures in the Agricultural Revolution?

Enclosures involved taking over and fencing off land from peasant farmers.

What was crop rotation and its significance?

Crop rotation is restoring soil by rotating different crops seasonally, which led to increased agricultural productivity.

Who invented the spinning jenny and when?

James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny in 1764.

What invention is Richard Arkwright known for?

Richard Arkwright is known for inventing the water frame.

What were some positive effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Positive effects included economic growth, urbanization, technological innovation, improved standards of living, and labor movements.

What were some negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Negative effects included poor working conditions, child labor, environmental degradation, social displacement, and class struggles.

What are the stages of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

The stages include Pre-Industrial, Expanding/Agricultural, Industrial, Post-Industrial, and Declining Population.

What characterizes the population pyramid of Stage 1 in the DTM?

Stage 1 has a broad base, tapering sharply towards the top, indicating high birth and death rates.

What role did natural resources play in the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

Britain's abundant supply of iron and coal was crucial for industrialization.

What was the social impact of industrialization in Europe?

Industrialization led to urbanization, overcrowded living conditions, poor sanitation, and harsh working conditions for the working class.

What were common complaints about working conditions during the Industrial Revolution?

Complaints included long working hours, low wages, unsafe working conditions, and child labor.

How did population pyramids inform government policy?

They help assess age distribution, plan for social services, indicate labor market needs, and shape healthcare strategies.

What are the characteristics of Stage 3 of the DTM?

In Stage 3, birth rates decline as families have fewer children, leading to a more balanced age distribution.

What was the significance of the Agricultural Revolution in Great Britain?

It increased food production, enabled economic changes, urbanization, and technological innovations through land enclosures.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect labor supply?

The population boom created a high demand for labor to mine, build factories, and operate machines.

What effect does a large population of children have on government focus?

The government should focus on providing education.

What should a government focus on if there is a larger population of elderly people?

The government should focus on providing retirement homes, healthcare, or medicine.

What was James Watt's contribution to the Industrial Revolution?

James Watt improved steam engine technology, which was vital for industrial power.

What was the impact of the cottage industry before factories?

The cottage industry involved home-based production of goods, often led by women, before industrial factories became prevalent.

Who invented the power loom?

Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom.