Cells & Cell Theory

Unit 2 Cells Lesson

Nucleus

Contains DNA of the cell and controls all cell functions (Eukaryotic).

Plasma/Cell Membrane

Maintains homeostasis and controls what comes and goes out of the cell (Pro+Euk) with the phospholipid bilayer.

Cell wall

Gives plant cells and some bacteria cells extra stability and structure (Pro+Euk).

Mitochondria

Makes ATP (energy) which is the powerhouse of the cell (Eukaryotic).

Cytoplasm

Material inside the cell membrane and holds the cells’ organelles (Pro+Euk).

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Proteins are assembled and transported into/out of the cell between the nucleus and cytoplasm (Eukaryotic).

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Makes lipids for the cellular membrane and breaks down toxins (Eukaryotic).

Golgi Body/Apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and ships proteins and lipids which is the post office of the cell (Eukaryotic).

Chloroplasts

Captures energy from light for photosynthesis which are the solar panels of the cell (Eukaryotic).

Ribosomes

Creates polypeptide chains and proteins which is the factory of the cell (Eukaryotic).

Vacuoles

Stores food, water, waste, etc. which is the kitchen of the cell (Eukaryotic).

DNA

Contains and transmits genetic information, also known as the instructions for developing, surviving, and reproducing (Pro+Euk).

Lysosomes

Digestive enzymes that break down and recycle food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts, making it the garbage truck of the cell (Animal cells).

Cytoskeleton

Maintains cell shape and helps with movement and made of proteins (Pro+Euk).

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that do not contain a nucleus and have no membrane-bound organelles. This includes bacteria. It reproduces by binary fission and is unicellular.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that contain a nucleus and have membrane-bound organelles. This includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists. It reproduces by mitosis and iis uni OR multicellular.

Main Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of life

3. Cells create other cells (cell division)

Autogenous Theory

The making of organelles by the inward folding of the cell(plasma) membrane — no outside cells involved. Evidence: Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum; similar lipids/proteins, no own dna, membrane continuity, compartments.

Endosymbiotic Theory

The evolution of a large prokaryotic cell with a smaller prokaryotic cell by engulfing and living with it. Evidence: Organelles with double membranes, mitochondria and chloroplasts have own dna, similar ribosomes and size to bacteria.