Quiz 1 - EDUC210

According to recent Census data, which of the following statements is TRUE about diversity among Canadian students?

A) Participation of children in religions other than Christianity has decreased since 2011.

B) Most immigrants to Canada come from European countries.

C) Indigenous communities in Canada are growing and constitute 5% of the population.

D) Diversity is most concentrated in rural communities.

C

Which of the following groups of students is most likely to be the first to benefit from good teaching?

A) Male students.

B) Older students.

C) Higher-achieving students.

D) Lower-achieving students

D

Many studies indicate that teacher-student relationships and the quality of teaching make a difference. Based on findings from such studies, which of the following children is likely to benefit most from good teaching?

A) Jorge is in the first grade and likes math but does not like to participate in reading

group, though he’s a good reader.

B) Kellie, in kindergarten, seems to be advanced for her age. She is reading books and

working first grade math.

C) Johana is in kindergarten and exhibits behavior problems that include difficulty paying attention and regulating her attention-getting behaviors.

D) Dwayne is in the first grade and loves school, especially when he gets to work in groups with his friends or at centers with hands-on activities.

C

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of experienced teachers?

A) They are likely to adapt instruction to student needs.

B) They use new technologies to entertain students.

C) They show concern for the emotional development of their students.

D) They carefully plan their lessons from the first day of class.

B

Which of the following statements is TRUE of student teaching?

A) Student teaching does not allow prospective teachers to be as reflective about their teaching as they could be.

B) Student teaching often occurs during periods when prospective teachers are busy with their own coursework.

C) Student teaching does not prepare prospective teachers very well for starting off a school year with a new class.

D) Student teaching is often carried out in classrooms that utilize classroom management strategies that a prospective teacher may not believe in

C

When studies are based on observations, they can be described as

A) causation.

B) descriptive studies.

C) experimental studies.

D) quantitative studies.

B

A study collects data from high schools in 10 school districts. It uses surveys to learn the type of teaching support physics student prefer from their teachers in the lab. What type of research is this?

A) Experimental study

B) Descriptive study

C) Quasi-experimental study

D) ABAB

B

A correlation is a statistical description indicating the

A) direction but not the strength of a relationship.

B) direction and strength of a relationship.

C) strength and direction of a treatment effect.

D) strength but not the direction of a relationship.

B

A positive correlation between two factors indicates that the factors

A) are NOT necessarily related.

B) are strongly related.

C) decrease proportionately.

D) tend to increase or decrease together.

D

What size or direction of correlation coefficient is likely to be obtained between children's ages (from five to 13 years) and the distance that they can long jump?

A) Close to zero

B) Either +1.00 or -1.00

C) Negative

D) Positive

D

Which one of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship?

A) -0.03

B) -0.78

C) +0.56

D) +0.70

B

A correlation coefficient of 0.90 indicates that

A) one event has been caused by another event.

B) one event is strongly related to another event.

C) the two events are related 10 percent of the time.

D) the two events are related 90 percent of the time.

B

At Greendale Public School, four teachers each set out to conduct a research study in his or her classroom. Which study would be LEAST likely to involve the use of a correlational analysis?

A) Mrs. Tang, who studied amount of reading and spelling test scores

B) Mr. Lacroix, who studied activity level in gym and degree of academic self-concept

C) Mr. Nucci, who studied frequency of praise and rate of homework completion

D) Miss Gann, who studied types of seating arrangements and number of disruptions

D

A researcher reports that students who have the highest achievement in school tend to be more involved in extracurricular activities compared to students with lower achievement. What specific type of research was most likely conducted to inform this finding?

A) Descriptive

B) Correlational

C) Ethnographic

D) Experimental

B

Dr. Patterson concludes from her research that using a systematic study strategy CAUSED good grades for students assigned to a particular group. For this conclusion to be valid, the type of research that was performed must have been what type of study?

A) Correlational

B) Descriptive

C) Experimental

D) Observational

C

Which of the following methods allows researchers to study cause-and-effect relationships?

A) Correlational studies

B) Experimental studies

C) Ethnography

D) Descriptive studies

B

A researcher participates in a class over a two-month period and analyses the strategies the teacher employs to maintain discipline. This research is an example of what specific type of research study?

A) Cross-sectional

B) Ethnography

C) Experimental

D) Participant observation

B

An ethnographic study:

A) is a personalized account on either teaching or learning experiences.

B) focuses on life within a group and attempts to unravel the meaning of events to the group.

C) involves studying cause and effect relationships.

D) involves examining the relationships between variables

B

Which of the following statements are TRUE of longitudinal studies?

A) They are time consuming and expensive.

B) They are more commonly used than experimental and cross-sectional studies.

C) They involve researchers following students over the course of a few days.

D) They utilize teachers directly in the research process.

A

What research method is being used if a study examines the effects of poverty on academic achievement by following students from kindergarten through the fifth grade?

A) Ethnographic

B) Case study

C) Longitudinal

D) Action research

C

Which of the following research methods would be used to examine a person or situation in depth by conducting interviews with family members, teachers, and friends?

A) Participant observation.

B) Single-subject experiment.

C) Case study.

D) Field experiment

C

A researcher finds that students who were given computers to use at home demonstrated greater independent learning skills than a comparable group that was not selected to receive home computers. What type of research study was probably designed for this conclusion to be valid?

A) Correlational

B) Descriptive

C) Experimental

D) Observation

C

Which of the following terms would be used to describe an explanation of how we remember things that we have learned?

A) construct.

B) correlation.

C) principle.

D) theory.

D

Action research:

A) is a form of research that puts an observed behaviour “under a microscope.”

B) is a form of research conducted by teachers themselves.

C) is a form of research that studies development by observing subjects over many years.

D) is a form of research that focuses on groups of subjects at different ages

B

Mr. Grant is a reflective teacher who is always trying to improve his teaching practices to increase student learning. He has conducted several research projects and changed teaching strategies on the basis of the results. In his latest reflections, he predicted that his low-achieving students would complete their spelling tasks in less time and score higher on spelling tests if he began using a buddy system. In the research cycle, Mr. Grant has developed:

A) a theory

B) a principle

C) a hypothesis

D) a plan for data analysis

C

When a number of studies are completed and the findings repeatedly point to the same conclusions, it is possible to state the relationship between factors as a

A) theory

B) principle

C) scientific explanation

D) hypothesis

B

Which one of the following is an example of maturation

A) Losing weight due to exercise

B) Gaining weight from age two to age three

C) Learning which foods produce the most weight

D) Losing weight during a brief illness

B. gaining weight from age two to three

As time goes on, Tina becomes a happier individual, more in touch with life, and content with her situation. This description emphasizes what kind of development for Tina?


1. Social
2. Personal
3. Cognitive
4. Physical

B. Personal

All development theories have the following general principle in common

B. Development is gradual

What part of the brain coordinates and orchestrates skilled movements


1. Hippocampus
2. Thalamus
3. Cerebellum
4. Amygdala

Cerebellum

If John is introduced to the concept of fractions today, he will not be able to start adding and subtracting them tomorrow. What general principle of development is illustrated?

A) Development proceeds through identifiable stages.

B) Development takes place gradually.

C) Maturation is the basis for development.

D) John lacks personal development.

B. Development takes place gradually

The last part of the brain to develop fully is the

A) cerebellum.

B) cerebral cortex.

C) frontal lobe.

D) thalamus.

C. Frontal Lobe

The part of the cerebral cortex that matures first controls


1. the formation of associations.
2. physical movements.
3. the processing of language.
4. higher-order thinking processes.

B. Physical movements

Specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain involves

A) Broca's area.

B) lateralization.

C) the primary auditory cortex.

D) Wernicke's area

B. lateralization

Messages sent by releasing chemicals that jump across synapse involve

C. Neurons

According to Piaget, the foundation for development in all humans is supplied by

C. maturation

Piaget's basic blocks of thinking and memory are


1. adaptations.
2. schemes.
3. accommodations.
4. actions.

B. Schemas

The two processes involved in adaption are

A) assimilation and accommodation.

B) assimilation and equilibration.

C) equilibration and organization.

D) social transmission and scheme.

A. Assimilation and accommodation

Which of the following pairs of factors that influence thinking is thought by Piaget to be genetic or inherited tendencies?

B. Adaption and organization

Which of the following is the clearest example of Piaget's concept of assimilation

A) Learning that a green light means "go" and a red light means "stop."

B) Learning to paint with a new type of brush.

C) Looking at teachers as they lecture.

D) Looking at a worm and thinking that it is a snake

D. looking at a worm and thinking it is a snake

Jeannie observed rocks sinking in water and said, "I already knew that. All rocks sink." Then she saw a piece of pumice floating on water and was told that pumice is rock. Several days later, she was asked again if rocks sink in water she replied, "well, most do." In Piaget's terms, what process did Jeannie use to draw this conclusion?


1. Accommodation
2. Classification
3. Assimilation
4. Conservation

A. Accomodation

According to Piaget, the process of searching for a balance between cognitive schemas and environmental information is called

A) accommodation.

B) adaptation.

C) assimilation.

D) equilibration.

D. equilibration

When we try a particular strategy and it does not work, the discomfort we experience is called

C. disequilibrium

According to Piaget, people pass through the four stages of cognitive development

D. in the same sequence

The best way to determine what cognitive stage a person has reached is by

D. observing how the person solves problems

What of the following sayings best conveys a child's thinking before the notion of object permanence is acquired?

D. "Out of sight, out of mind."

In Piaget's theory, an understanding of object permanence is acquired during what period of development?


1. Operational
2. Early preoperational
3. Formal operational
4. Sensorimotor

D. Sensorimotor

Michelle covers her own eyes, because she thinks her friends will not see her when playing a game of hide-and-seek. What stage of Piaget's cognitive theory does this account best illustrate

A) Concrete operations

B) Formal operations

C) Preoperational thought

D) Sensorimotor

D. Sensorimotor

In the sensorimotor stage of development, a child begins to develop

A) goal-directed actions.

B) mental operations.

C) preoperational thought.

D) semiotic functions

A. goal-directed actions

Nathan is shown two balls of clay that he identifies as equal in quantity. When one of the balls is then rolled into a sausage, Nathan says that a piece (i.e sausage) now has more clay. In what stage of development is he likely to be?

A) Concrete operations

B) Goal-directed operations

C) Preoperational thought

D) Sensorimotor

C. Pre-operational thought

Billy refuses to drink his orange juice from the half full glass that his mother gives to him. He wants her to pour the juice into his favorite cup and watches his mother fill it to the brim. Billy likes his cup better because he gets more juice in it. With what cognitive concept in Piaget's theory is Billy having trouble?

A) Accommodation

B) Assimilation

C) Conservation

D) Semiotic function

C. conservation

After stringing beads from a large necklace onto a smaller empty string, a child states that there are now more beads on the small string than there were on the larger string. What cognitive concept (Piaget's theory) does this behavior best illustrate?

A) Accommodation

B) Assimilation

C) Conservation

D) Equilibration

C. Conservation

A teacher pours juice from a larger glass into two tiny glasses, and the child beams, happy now that he has "more juice." What cognitive stage (Piaget's theory) does the account best illustrate?

C. Preoperational thought

In his first game of hide-and-seek, Andy covers his eyes so that his friends cannot see him. His thinking can be described as

B. egocentric.

A preoperational child's belief that a tall, narrow glass contains more liquid than a short, wide glass is probably due to difficulties in

A. decentering

Corinne has mastered this type of problem: "If the white house is bigger than the blue house, and the blue house is bigger than the red house, is the white house bigger or smaller than the red house?" What stage of Piaget's cognitive theory does this situation best illustrate?

A. Concrete operations

David has just purchased a car and is intensely interested in it. When the car has engine trouble, he is able systematically to locate the problem. What cognitive stage of Piaget's theory does this situation best illustrate?

A) Concrete operations

B) Formal operations

C) Preoperational thought

D) Sensorimotor

B. Formal operations

What is the hallmark of Piaget's stage of formal operations?

A) Semiotic function

B) Hypothetico-deductive reasoning

C) Organized thinking of dependent elements

D) Reversible thinking

B. Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Janie was having some difficulty deciding how to organize her defense for the debate competition. She prepared several hypothetical arguments that her opponents might raise, and how she might reply. What cognitive stage of Piaget's theory does this account best illustrate?

A) Concrete operations

B) Formal operations

C) Preoperational thought

D) Sensorimotor

B. Formal operations

Perry is able to solve hypothetical problems by mentally working through a set of possibilities. What characteristic of cognitive development does Perry illustrate?

C. Organized thinking

When Mary returned from the high-school prom, she complained, "Everyone hated my dress!" What specific concept does this account best illustrate?

A. Adolescent egocentrism

Which one of the following statements best reflects Piaget's position on the question of speeding up cognitive development?

A) Acceleration is both inefficient and useless.

B) Acceleration is effective for only the brightest students.

C) Keeping cognitive development "on track" is a teacher's role.

D) Speeding up cognitive development is a teacher's role

A. Acceleration is both inefficient and useless.

Current views about Piaget's theory generally support the idea that

D. Piaget tended to underestimate children's abilities and overlook the social and cultural issues.

According to Robbie Case, cognitive development in one domain of thought

B. differs from one domain to another.

An increasingly influential view of cognitive development proposed by Vygotsky is based on

C. culture and socioculture theory.

According to Vygotsky, a child's cultural development is

A. co-constructed learning and shared experiences.

Vygotsky's view of cognitive development differs from Piaget's in the importance and emphasis placed on a person's

C. interpersonal interactions.

The role of cultural tools in cognitive development involves, according to Vygotsky,

A) both real and psychological tools.

B) essentially real tools.

C) predominantly symbolic tools.

D) primarily psychological tools

A. both real and symbolic tools.

The role of "private speech" in Vygotsky's view is to

A) call attention to oneself during play.

B) guide children toward self-regulation.

C) encourage children to learn new words.

D) stimulate the development of language from simple words to full sentences

B. guide one's activities in solving a problem.

Piaget called children's self-directed talk ________ while Vygotsky called the same behavior ________.

A) egocentric speech; private speech

B) private speech; egocentric speech

C) private speech; social speech

D) social speech; private speech

A. egocentric speech; private speech

According to Vygotsky, scaffolding represents

A) a barrier or a block to solving a problem.

B) a plateau that children reach before progressing to a new stage.

C) artificial support, such as notes, on which children can rely while learning.

D) external support for helping children solve problems on their own.

D. external support for helping children solve problems on their own.

The zone of proximal development is the area where students may solve a problem

A) by themselves.

B) with no disequilibrium.

C) with support.

D) without frustration

C. with support.

Application of Vygotsky's zone of proximal development concept would include

A. making new tasks slightly beyond the student's current level of ability.

The research of Luis Moll in Arizona has focused on the cultural "funds of knowledge," which include

B. the knowledge the families and communities have that can become the basis for teaching.

The "Magic Middle" refers to

A) a learning environment that support the average or “mid-level” learner.

B) the knowledge of a middle child in a given family.

C) a place of “match” where students are neither bored nor frustrated by a task.

D) a learning activity that require the use of a computer to scaffold learning.

C) a place of "match" where students are neither bored nor frustrated by a task

Which of the following is NOT an example of a developmental change?

A) Julius is working on his batting skills, and he hit the ball much farther today

B) Caitlin left out several steps in the process of conducting the lab experiment, but she

understands what she did wrong and is redoing the experiment.

C) Mark is walking carefully on one foot while his sprained ankle heals.

D) Milos has learned enough English to introduce himself to other students

C

Which of the following would NOT be considered a general principle in nearly all theories of development?

A) Development is balanced.

B) Development is gradual.

C) Development occurs in an orderly way.

D) Individuals develop at different rates

A

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key questions surrounding development that continue to elicit debate among researchers and theorists?

A) Are there critical periods for developing abilities?

B) What is the source of development?

C) Do people develop at different rates?

D) What is the shape of development?

C

A debate assignment involves the analysis of divergent perspectives on an issue, development of arguments to support diverse perspectives, and efficient recall of resources and persuasive points during the debate. What part or parts of the brain are most likely functioning to complete this assignment effectively?

A) Amygdala

B) Right hemisphere of the cortex processing creatively

C) Left hemisphere of the cortex processing analytically

D) Many parts working simultaneously

D

What facts about brain development during adolescence explain their risk-taking impulsivity?

A) The right hemisphere develops earlier than the left hemisphere.

B) The left hemisphere develops earlier than the right hemisphere.

C) The limbic system develops more slowly than the prefrontal lobe.

D) The limbic system develops earlier than the prefrontal lobe.

D

Sierra walked into class late and felt quite embarrassed. To make matters worse, she was having a bad hair day and felt like all eyes were on her, judging her, and rejecting her. Sierra’s thinking can be described as

A) adolescent egocentrism

B) adaptation by assimilation

C) reversible thinking

D) disequilibrium

A

Which adult seems to be well informed and have the right idea about children’s handedness?

A) “You don’t want Alissa to be left-handed. Encourage her to use her right hand.”

B) “Stop trying to make Aden right-handed. Handedness is genetic.”

C) “Leave Michelle alone. It’s too late to change her handedness.”

D) “Teach Mark to use both hands equally. If you train him early, he’ll do well with both hands.”

B

Based on general statistics, which one of the following students is most likely to have fewer problems associated with timing of maturation?

A) Hayden, a broad-shouldered boy who experiences spermarche around age 11

B) Kelli, who is taller than other girls her age and is maturing earlier

C) Jason, a boy who shows signs of maturity a bit later than other boys his age

D) Claire, who experiences menarche just before her 15th birthday

B

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement on physical activity for school students?

A) Physical activity may influence cognitive development.

B) The Canadian government recommends 90 minutes of daily physical activity.

C) Students with disabilities have fewer opportunities for physical activity in comparison to their peers

D) More than three quarters of Canadian students reach federal recommendations for physical activity.

D

Which of the following is the defining characteristic of bulimia?

A) Limited food intake

B) High BMI

C) Low BMI

D) Binge eating followed by purging

D

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model of human development?

A) the mesosystem is another word for the teacher.

B) the microsystem refers to the society at large and how it influences the individual.

C) The family is more important than the school environment for human development.

D) the parent's work place is a sample setting within the exosystem that influences the development of the child

D

One of the girls in Mr. Kent’s class is shy and has difficulty making friends. Her social skills are immature and awkward. She usually walks to class alone, holds her head down, avoids contact with other students, and tries not to speak up in class. Based on the categories of children’s popularity, this girl’s behaviour fits which category?

A) Neglected

B) Rejected aggressive

C) Rejected withdrawn

D) Controversial

C

Which level of government is responsible for child protection laws?

A) Municipal

B) Provincial

C) Federal

D) All levels of government

B

Erik Erikson interprets development from the perspective of what theory?

A) Psychosexual

B) Psychosocial

C) Psychosomatic

D) Sociocultural

B

Erikson's notion of developmental crises can be defined as a

A) concern with parental control and self-determination.

B) conflict between a positive and an unhealthy alternative.

C) conflict between physical growth and cognitive growth.

D) puzzle that may assist a person's cognitive development

B

The emphasis in Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development theory is on

A) behaviours and their consequences.

B) the development of moral values.

C) the formation of a personal identity.

D) the process of acculturation in school settings.

C

The way that children resolve the autonomy vs. shame and doubt crisis influences their later sense of

A) attachment to the family.

B) confidence in their own abilities.

C) cooperation in groups.

D) evaluation of new ideas

B

Francis is no longer satisfied with pretending he has a place of his own. He's in the third grade now and old enough to build a real playhouse. He sets to work with boards and cardboard and takes great pleasure in the completed project. Francis is at the stage of

A) autonomy vs. doubt and shame.

B) generativity vs. self-absorption.

C) identity vs. role diffusion.

D) industry vs. inferiority.

D

The school and the neighbourhood first become highly important influences during what Eriksonian stage?

A) Autonomy vs. shame

B) Generativity vs. stagnation

C) Industry vs. inferiority

D) Intimacy vs. isolation

C

Christine can't decide what she wants to pursue when she graduates from high school this year. "Life is so confusing," she thinks to herself. "Perhaps it is best not to think about these decisions at all." Christine is experiencing

A) identity achievement.

B) identity diffusion.

C) identity foreclosure.

D) moratorium.

B

Seventeen-year-old Carl has considered several career options and has developed a firm career goal. Carl is experiencing

A) identity achievement.

B) identity diffusion.

C) identity foreclosure.

D) moratorium

A

Which of the following is a statement of self-concept?

A) I remember the first day of high school when I didn’t know anyone else or have a clue about what to do or where to go.

B) I plan to go to college and major in music, but I don’t know what I’ll do after that.

C) I don’t have very many books on my shelves because I don’t like to read paper copies.

D) I am not good at solving interpersonal conflicts, but I am good at solving math problems

D

The development of children's self-concept evolves by means of

A) constant self-evaluation in many different situations.

B) contrasting themselves with their peers.

C) differentiating between their skills and those of their peers.

D) gauging the verbal reactions of significant others

A

George attends a rural middle school in Virginia. On standardized achievement tests given in George's school, the school average is near the national average. George's friend Harold attends an elite private school in Washington, D.C. The average score of students at Harold's school on the same achievement measure is well above the national average. According to Marsh, George is more likely to feel better about his abilities than does Harold, even though both boys received high scores on the test. What developmental concept is illustrated?

A) "Big Fish, Little Pond"

B) Gradual development

C) Identity diffusion

D) Moratorium

A

The implication of the "Big Fish, Little Pond" idea is that

A) children in "average" schools may feel better about their own abilities than those in "high-ability" schools.

B) larger schools are likely to promote higher achievement than smaller schools.

C) self-concept is lower when competition is weaker than when it is stronger.

D) smaller schools offer limited opportunities for self-concept to develop.

A