AP Psych: FRQ April 5

Actor Observer bias

Behavior of attributing other behavior for internal causes, while attributing ours due to external causes.

Afferent Neurons

Sensory Neurons

Authoritarian parenting

Impose rules and expect obedience.

* Results in low self esteem, mid level of achivement, problems in college

Authoritative parenting

Impose expectations, but are flexible and understanding, communication

* Results in High self coinfidence, less, less likely to be impacted by peer pressure, high success in school and college

CC Discrimination

A CR only occurs to a certain stimuli even if similar to the original CS

The response only occurs to that certain stimulus.

CC Generalization

 A CR occurs to any stimulus that is similar to the original CS.

The response occurs to any similar stimulus.

Conditioned Response

A response that, after conditioning, follows a previously neutral stimulus.

Conditioned Stimulus

A once-neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus to bring about a response formerly caused only by the unconditioned stimulus.

Confirmation Bias

The act of selecting information according to preexisting beliefs, while ignoring or rejecting information supporting contrary beliefs./Tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and ignore or distort contradictory evidence.

Conventional Morality

Level 2 of Kolhberg stages of moral development.

Views of others matter, you seek approval, or avoid punishment.

Obedience to authority , or behaving to conform a good behavior.

Critical Period of language development

The critical period hypothesis (CPH) states that the first few years of life constitute the time during which language develops readily and after which (sometime between age 5 and puberty) language acquisition is much more difficult and ultimately less successful.

Defense mechanism of displacement

Is taking out your feelingd onto someone else.

DM Projection

Attributes personal shortcomings, problems, and faults to others.

Basically mirroring how you feel into others.

DM Rationalization

Justify something that is happening.

DM of reaction formation

Transform an unnacceptable behavior into its opposite

DM Sublimation

Replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially acceptable one.

Deindividuation

Erosion of personal identity and responsibility (“mob mentality”) when in a \\n group.

@@Without thinking@@

Dual Encoding

The idea of using different types of stimuli to help learners encode information in their brains more effectively

Efferent Neuron

Motor neurons

Endorphins

Natural opiate.

Decrease pain, makes you feel high temporarily.

Episodic memory

Refers to the conscious recollection of a personal experience that contains information on what has happened and also where and when it happened

Erikson’s stage of Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

1\.6 to 3 years

Autonomy / Shame and doubt

“I want to do it” kid

Erikson’s stage of Identity vs role confusion

Adolecence

Who an i? What do i believe?

Erikson’s stage of Industry vs inferiority

6 to puberty

achivement/inferiority

What am good at?

Erikson’s stage of Initiative vs guilt

3 to 5

the why kid

Flashbulb Memory

Clear memory of an emotionally significant event, but it can sometimes be inaccurately remembered, adrenaline and cortisol (a stress hormone) help to solidify memories with acetylcholine.

Fundamental attribution error

Tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to \\n overestimate the personal disposition with others

EX: he failed the test because he has like 2 iq points, not because he got kicked out of his house last week.

Kinesthesic system

TCells located n your joints, tendons, and muscles sense your body position and tells your brain where you are.

Mere exposure effect

Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases their attraction. Operates according to halo / horns effect though

Negative Reinforcement

Take away / avoid something bad to increase behavior.

Parasympathetic nervous system

Generally desactivates, with a few exceptions.

Piaget’s theory of accommodation

Adjust existing schemas

**Piaget’s theory of assimilation**

Incorporate new info into existing schemas

Positive Reinforcement

Add something good to increase behavior.

Postconventional Morality

Preconventional morality

Procedual Memory

Involves “knowing how” to do things. It included skills, such as “knowing how” to playing the piano, ride a bike; tie your shoes and other motor skills.

Self Efficacy

The belief that one can succed.

Semantic Memory

Refers to our general world knowledge that encompasses memory for concepts, facts, and the meanings of words and other symbolic units that constitute formal communication systems such as language or math.

Symphatetic Nervous system

Unconditional positive regard

Unconditioned Stimulus

Vestibular system

The inner ear and brain structure that afford a sense of equilibrium and balance.

Unconditioned response

Zone of proximal development

The gap of what a kid can do with and without support.

This “support” is called scaffolding and is seen as the main role of adults.