The Languague of medecine: Respirtory system/ exercises A-L

parietal pleura

outer layer of pleura laying closer to the ribs

hilum

midline region of the lungs where bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs

uppermost

the apical part of the lung is the...

oxygen

the gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs is...

inhalation/inspiration

Breathing in air is called...

lobes

Divisions of the lungs are known as...

carbon dioxide

the gas produced by cells and exhaled through the lungs is...

adenoids

collections of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx

trachea

windpipe

Epiglottis

lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the voice box

bronchi

branches of the windpipe that lead into the lungs

Mediastinum

region between the lungs in the chest cavity

paranasal sinuses

Air-containing cavities in the bones around the nose

cilia

thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract

visceral pleura

inner fold of pleura closer to lung tissue

pharynx

throat

alveoli

air sacs of the lung

larynx

voice box

bronchioles

smallest branches of bronchi

palatine tonsils

collections of lymph tissue in the oropharynx

pleural cavity

the space between the visceral and the parietal pleura is the...

exhalation/expiration

breathing out air is called...

parenchyma

the essential tissues of the lung that perform its main function are pulmonary...

external

The exchange of gases in the lung is _________________ respiration

internal

the exchange of gases at the tissue cells is _______________ respiration

bronchiectasis

chronic dilation of a bronchus

pleuritis

inflammation of pleura

pneumothorax

air in the chest (pleural cavity)

anosmia

lack of sense of smell

laryngectomy

removal of the voice box

nasopharyngitis

inflammation of the nose and throat

phrenic

pertaining to the diaphragm

alveolar

pertaining to an air sac

glottis

opening to the larynx

tracheal stenosis

narrowing of the windpipe

-capnia

excessive carbon dioxide in the blood: hyper_______

Ortho-

breathing is easiest or possible only in an upright position: _____-pnea

dys-

difficult breathing: _____-pnea

cyan-

condition of blueness of skin: ____-osis

-ptysis

spitting up blood: hemo-______

-oxia

deficiency of oxygen: hyp-________

-thorax/-pyema

condition of pus in the pleural cavity: pyo-_________ or em-___________

-phonia

hoarseness; voice impairment: dys-_________

-thorax

blood in the pleural cavity: hemo-__________

-staxis

nosebleed: epi-___________

rales (crackles)

fine crackling sounds heard during inhalation when there is fluid in the alveoli

auscultation

listening to sounds within the body

sputum

material expelled from the respiratory tract by deep coughing and spitting

percussion

tapping on the surface to determine the underlying structure

Rhonchi (description)

loud rumbling sounds on auscultation of chest; bronchi obstructed by sputum

pleural rub

scratching sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

purulent

pus-filled

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

sudden attack of different breathing associated with lying down at night

hydrothorax

fluid in the pleural cavity

pulmonary infarction

area of dead tissue in the lung

stridor

strained, high-pitched inspirational sound

wheeze

continuous high-pitched whistling sound produced during breathing when air is forced through a narrow space; heard in asthma

Diptheria

acute infectious disease of the throat caused by Corynebacterium

croup

acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants that is marked by obstruction of the larynx and stridor

emphysema

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

chronic bronchitis

inflammation of tubes that lead from the trachea, over a long period of time

asthma

chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction

atelectasis

lung or a portion of a lung is collapsed

lung cancer

malignant neoplasm originating in a lung or bronchus

pertussis

whooping cough

infiltrate

a collection of fluid or other material within the lung as seen on chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic study

cystic fibrosis

inherited disease of exocrine glands; mucous secretions lead to airway obstruction

asbestosis

type of pneumoconiosis; dust particles are inhaled

sarcoidosis

inflammatory disease in which small nodules form in lungs and lymph nodes.

FEV1 (Forced Expiratory volume in first second)

Sarah had a pulmonary function test in which she inhaled as much air as she could and the air that she expelled in the first second was measured. The result of this PFT is a/an...

rhonchi (case scenario)

Dr. Smith heard loud __________ when he auscultated Kate's chest. Her bronchial tubes were obstructed with thick mucous secretions .

DLco (Diffusion Capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide)

Karl was asked to breath in a small amount of carbon monoxide and then blood samples were taken to detect the gas in his bloodstream. This PFT assesses how well gases can diffuse across the alveolar membrane, and the result of the test is called....

fibrosis

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs is pulmonary...

exudate

a purulent ___________ consist of white blood cells, microorganisms (dead and alive) and other debris

restrictive lung disease

myasthenia gravis and muscular dystrophy are examples of neuromuscular conditions that produce....

obstuctive lung disease

chronic bronchitis and asthma are examples of........

OSA; obstructive sleep apnea

patients with a small pharyngeal airway that closes during sleep may experience....

CPAP

with nasal __________ , positive pressure (air coming from a compressor ) opens the oropharynx, preventing obstructive sleep apnea

palliative

doctors realized that they could not cure Jean's adenocarcinoma of the lung. They used _______________ measures to relieve her uncomfortable symptoms

PaO2 / PaCO2

During an apneic period, a patient experiences severe hypoxemia, (decreased __________________) and hypercapnia (increased ________________ )

PFT

pulmonary function test

pulmonary abscess

collection of pus in the lungs

pulmonary edema

swelling, fluid collection in the air sacs and bronchioles

pneumoconiosis

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

pneumonia

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli; they become filled with fluid and blood cells

pulmonary embolism

floating clot or other material blocking the blood vessels of the lung

tuberculosis

infections disease caused by rod-shaped bacilli

pleural effusion

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

pleurisy

inflammation of pleura

anthracosis

abnormal condition of coal dust (black lung)

mesothelioma

malignant tumor arising in the pleura

adenoid hypertrophy

excessive growth of cells in the adenoids

pleurodynia

pain of the the pleura

expectoration

coughing up of material from the chest

tachypnea

rapid breathing; hyperventilation

endotracheal intubation

placement of a that mouth into the trachea to establish an airway

V/Q scan

injection or inhalation of radioactive material and recording images of its distribution in the lungs

tuberculin tests

tine and Mantoux tests

thoracentesis

puncture of the chest wall to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

Pulmonary function test

tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lung