BIO 2

The three principles of cell theory are __________, __________, and __________.

All living organisms are made of cells, Cells are the basic unit of life, All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Five functions of the plasma membrane include __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________.

Physical barrier, Selective permeability, Communication, Cell recognition, and Intracellular connection.

Six types of membrane proteins include __________, __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________.

Transport proteins, Enzymatic proteins, Receptor proteins, Anchor proteins, Cell recognition proteins, and Junction proteins.

In a general cell signaling pathway, the first messenger binds to a __________, leading to the production of a __________.

receptor; second messenger.

Tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes are types of __________.

cell junctions.

The process by which water moves across a selectively permeable membrane is called __________.

osmosis.

In an isotonic solution, the concentration of solutes is __________ to that inside the cell.

equal.

Endocytosis involves __________, __________, and __________ as types.

pinocytosis, phagocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis.

The pathway for protein synthesis includes __________, __________, and __________.

transcription, translation, and protein folding.

The central dogma of biology states that DNA is transcribed to __________, which is then translated into __________.

RNA; protein.

The role of tRNA during translation is to __________.

transfer amino acids to the ribosome according to the codon sequence.

Polyribosome arrays are responsible for __________ in the cell.

synthesizing multiple copies of protein from a single mRNA.

The main organelles involved in protein synthesis and processing include the __________, __________, and __________.

ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

Cilia differ from microvilli in that cilia are __________ and function in __________, while microvilli are __________ and function to __________.

longer; movement; shorter; increase surface area.

Sister chromatids are formed during __________ and are present during the __________ phase of cell division.

DNA replication; prophase.

PMAT stands for __________, __________, __________, and __________, which are the stages of cell division.

Prophase; Metaphase; Anaphase; Telophase.

Alternative splicing is a process that allows for __________ from a single gene.

the production of multiple protein variants.

The genetic code consists of base triplets called __________, and they correspond to coding sequences called __________.

codons; anticodons.

Cellular differentiation can result in cell types classified as __________, __________, and __________ based on their potential to differentiate.

totipotent; pluripotent; multipotent.