BIO 2

Cellular A&P

- Cell theory (3 principles)

- Functions of the plasma membrane (5)

- Types & functions of membrane proteins (6)

- General cell pathway (1st messenger, receptor, ligand, 2nd messenger, activation)

- Cell junctions (Tight junctions, gap junctions, desmosomes)

- Simple diffusion

- Carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion

- Channel-mediated facilitated diffusion

- Osmosis (Describe the process.)

- Tonicity: isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

- Endocytosis (pinocytosis, phagocytosis, receptor-mediated)

- Exocytosis

- Transcytosis

- Organelles (Know general locations & functions)

- Protein synthesis pathway

- Mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus,

peroxisomes, lysosomes.)

- Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, microtubules (centrioles)

- Cilia vs microvilli

- Chromatin & chromosome structure

- Sister chromatids (Know when to apply terminology sister chromatid vs chromosome.)

- Cell cycle

- PMAT

- Control of Cell division (signals)

- Protein synthesis (alternative splicing, exons, introns)

- Central dogma of biology (Transcription & translation, DNA→ RNA → Protein)

- Genetic code (base triplets, codons, anticodons)

- Translation

- Role of tRNA

- Polyribosome arrays

- Rough ER processing of proteins

- Cellular Differentiation (totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent)