Hesi biology

The aerodynamic nature of a bird's wing is an example of what central theme in biology?

Structure and function

What part of a plant cell acts as a barrier and provides support to the cell?

Cell wall

Which antioxidant is identified as a healing vitamin?

E

Which is an example of the correct organizational hierarchy for a wolf?

DNA, blood cell, muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system, wolf

Which method of glucose conversion generates the most usable and efficient form of

ATP within the human body?

Aerobic respiration

Which combination of cell cycle phase and descriptor is correct?

G₂ phase - the phase prior to the start of mitosis in which the cell continues to grow in size

and make proteins

What structure allows sperm cells to move?

Flagellum

What is the first step in the process of respiration?

Glycolysis

Which cell organelle can be functionally compared to the door of a house?

cell membrane

If the zygomatic arch is broken, where is the fracture located?

face

What part of a light microscope is used to hold the slide in place?

Stage clips

Which term means a group of similar cells combined to perform a common function?

Tissue

Which term means alternate forms of a gene for the same trait?

alleles

What does the mitochondrion produce that causes it to often be called the

powerhouse of the cell?

ATP

Human cells need oxygen for respiration. What system of the body is responsible for

transporting an oxygen molecule to different locations throughout the body?

circulatory

Each species has a characteristic chromosome number, and most of their cells have a

complete set of these chromosomes. However, in the life cycle of humans, only sperm and eggs have

which number of chromosomes?

haploid

Which set is correctly listed from characteristic chromosome number, and most of their cells have a complete set of these chromosomes?

Phylum, order, genus, species

On what part of a light microscope is the slide placed?

stage

What type of bond in the base of the DNA nucleotides holds the strands together?

Hydrogen

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of what necessary molecule?

Oxygen

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

Obtain energy in the form of ATP

How are viruses categorized?

Size and shape

Presence or absence of an outer envelope

Type of nucleic acid

Animals are composed primarily of what type of cell?

Eukaryotic

Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?

mitochondrion

Which genetic descriptor refers to an organism's actual appearance?

phenotype

What is the typical result of mitosis in humans?

two diploid cells

How does water affect the temperature of a living thing?

Water help keeps temperature stable

Which of the following is not a product of the Krebs cycle?

Oxygen

What type of bond connects sugar and phosphate in DNA?

covalent

What is the second part of an organism's scientific name?

species

How are lipids different from other organic molecules?

They are not water soluble

Which of the following is not found within a bacterial cell?

mitochondria

Which cell organelle functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum

throughout the cell?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing cell energy?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Which cell component is responsible for protection, communication, and regulating

the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

Cell membrane

Which of the following is a protein?

hemoglobin

Which of the following structures is not directly involved in translation?

DNA

Which of the following is necessary for cell diffusion?

Gradient

How many different types of nucleotides are there in DNA?

4 (cytosine, guanine, adenine, thyamine)

Which of the following cell types lacks a nucleus?

Red blood cells

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland?

melatonin

Which organelle is responsible for organizing protein synthesis?

Ribosome

During which phase is the chromosome number reduced from diploid to haploid?

Meiosis I

What type of bond bonds one molecule of water with another molecule of water?

Hydrogen

Which of the following is a benefit of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water?

(Select one that doesn't apply.)

Water moves from higher to lower concentrations.

Which of the following molecules are considered the most important in biology?

Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids

The cell membrane consists of a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins, cholesterol,

and glycoproteins. This bilayer creates a hydrophobic region between two layers of lipids, making it

which of the following?

selectively permeable

What is the first step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?

glycolysis

Lipids are better known as fats, but what are they specifically? (Select one that

doesn't apply.)

Ketones

Why is DNA crucial for the metabolic activities of the cell?

It controls the synthesis of enzymes

Why doesn't an antibiotic work for treating the flu symptoms in a patient?

The antibiotic is not effective against the flu virus.

Why is the nucleus important in a cell?

It store the DNA

Why does cellular respiration occur?

Cells can convert nutrients to energy

Anaerobic respiration happens in.............because..............

Bacteria; they live in environments with low oxygen levels

Do all bacteria have negative effects and cause infections?

FALSE

Which of the following statements about antibiotics is not true?

They can cause more bacteria to grow

Which characteristic is true of prokaryotic cells?

Have a capsule

Select the cell parts that are present in plant cells but not animal cells (there may be

more than one answer):

cell wall and chloroplast

Where can epithelial tissue be found?

organ lining

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Smooth, skeletal, cardiac

What type of tissue is fat composed of?

Connective

Which type of cells possess a cell membrane?

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

How is the plasma membrane arranged?

In a double layer of phospholipids

In a phospholipid, the head:

hydrophilic and faces the outer side of the layer

Why does cytokinesis occur?

To divide daughter cells

How do animal cells divide during cytokinesis?

Contractile ring

Why can animal cells use a contractile ring but plant cells cannot?

Plant cells have a cell wall that hinders the formation of a contractile ring.

Which of the following nucleotides is not a component of DNA?

Uracil

Which of the following is not an RNA base?

Thymine

Select the two bases that are purines:

Adenine and Guanine

Which base has two carbon rings?

G

Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T) are known as:

Pyrimidines

Which of the following options best represents complementary base pairing in DNA?

A and T

Which of the following DNA strands would complement the segment: ACTTGCA?

TGAACGT

Where is DNA stored?

The nucleus