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What is puberty?
The period of development when the body becomes sexually mature and able to reproduce.
What triggers puberty?
The brain (hypothalamus and pituitary) releases hormones that stimulate the sex organs.
What hormone stimulates the testes to produce testosterone?
LH (luteinising hormone).
What are the main male secondary sexual characteristics?
Deepening of the voice, growth of facial and body hair, increased muscle mass, and sperm production.
What are the main female secondary sexual characteristics?
Breast development, widening of the hips, onset of the menstrual cycle, and growth of pubic and underarm hair.
What is the menstrual cycle?
A monthly cycle controlled by hormones that prepares the uterus for pregnancy and sheds the lining if pregnancy does not occur.
What happens to the lining of the uterus in the menstrual cycle?
It thickens in preparation for a fertilised egg; if no egg is fertilised, it breaks down and is shed as menstrual blood.
What is menstruation?
The shedding of the uterus lining and blood through the vagina.
Name four hormones involved in the menstrual cycle.
FSH, LH.