AP Psych Operational Definitions

Mere exposure effect

continually seeing something increases attraction

central route persuasion

Deeply processes the message

peripheral route persuasion

Takes in the characteristics of the advertiser

cognitive dissonance

Tension occurring when attitudes and behaviors disaligne

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

\n Start off with small request then grow

door-in-the-face technique

Start off with big request then decrease

reciprocity norm

Exchange of kind acts

Attribution theory

Explains how people determine causes

Self-filling prophecy

Expectations of others influence their behavior

Fundamental Attribution Error

Overestimate dispositional factors underestimate situational

collectivist vs individualistic cultures

Collectivist stress links individuals stressed unique

False consensus effect

Over estimate number of people agree

Self-serving bias

Take more credit for good than bad

Stereotypes

What members of groups are like

prejudice

Undeserved negative attitude towards group

Ethnocentrism

One's culture better than others

Discrimination

Act on prejudices

out-group homogeneity

In group more diverse than out group

In group bias

People in my group are good

Super ordinate goals

Bring rivals together. work together

frustrations aggression hypothesis

Feeling frustrated = aggression more likely

Bystander effect

Large number of people less likely help

diffusion of responsibility

Large group less responsible

social facilitation

Others present improves performance

social impairment

Others present hurts presentation

Conformity

Do what others do

Obedience

Willingness to do others ask

Group norms

Rule about how others act

Social loafing

Less effective when with group

group polarization

Similar thinking conversation strengthens their shared beliefs

Groupthink

Everyone in group agrees (suppresses disagreement)

Deindividuation

Lose control when in large group