US History Review (unit 2) - Mr. Ellis

(French) Belief

• A water route that gets people across North America (North West Passage) 

• This was unsuccessful

(French) Regions Colonized

• Canada, The Great Lakes Region, and Louisiana

(French) Who Colonized

• Priests and Furtraders

• Fur traders found out the area had no gold.  so they hunted for animal skin

(French) Religion

• Catholic

• Christianized the natives in their land/colony

(French) Economic Activity

• Fur trading (buying and selling)

• Harvested animal fur for wealth

(French) Settlement

• Small trade outposts

(French) Colonization Members

• Few amount of people

• Members were mostly all men

• The men had intermarriages (marriages between 2 different ethnic groups) with the natives

(French) Relation with Natives

• Used Natives as a guide

• Traded with them

• Intermarriages

Push (encourage/force)

• Persecution (poor treatment)

• Political instability (government collapse)

• Shortage of land (needed more)

• Poverty/lack of resources MOSTLY affected British (England)

Pull (attract)

• Spread religion

• Saw land and resources

• Wanted jobs/opportunities

• Better education MOSTLY affected Spanish (Spain)

(England vs Spain) England

• It used to be all Catholic

• Used to be allies with Spain

• Religious tension/motivation w/ Spain

• Had different spiritual views than Spain

(England vs Spain) Spain

• All Catholic

• Used to be allies with England

• Religious tension/motivation w/ England

• Had different spiritual views than England

(England vs Spain) Start (England)

• Queen Elizabeth wanted to challenge Spain 

• Hired pirates/mercenaries to attack Spain

• Mercenaries were ships primarily used to attack Spain (faster/smaller)

(England vs Spain) Spanish Respond

• Sent Armada warships to attack England

• Armadas were warships primarily used to attack England (big/slow)
  

(England vs Spain) Result

• England wins and slowly takes Spain’s land

Primogeniture

• Policy in England where the OLDER male sibling gets all the land from their parents

England's Main Reason for Expanding:
Cause (push)

• After the older brother gets the land, the other siblings don’t have any, so they push to America or move to the land taken from Spain

England's Main Reason for Expanding:

Other Reasons for Push

• Economic depression (unemployed/suffering/etc.)

• Religious oppression (killing/abuse/persecution/etc.)

• Population explosion

• Forcing prisoners to the “New World”

Joint-stock

• Share resources for risks/rewards

• If the colony is unsuccessful, the members only lose a little, rather than a lot

• British/England’s colony

Royal Colonies

• Private possession of British Authority (King/Queen)

• Property of British monarchy

Proprietary  Colonies

• Franchise/business given as a gift/payment from British

• Given to one person; however, it’s still a British colony

Southern Colonies:

• Jamestown

• Virginia

• Maryland

• Carolina

• Georgia

(Jamestown Colony) About

• First successful colony in North America (Virginia)

• Established in England (English)

• Joint-stock company funded by a Virginia Company

(Jamestown Colony) The issue with the Area

• Mosquito-infested and was made on a big swamp area

• -The people living there didn’t have any skills needed for the area (hunt)

• -Spent their whole time searching for gold (no gold)

• -Unprepared for winter due to the people searching for gold the whole time

• -The Starving Time caused half the population in the colony to die 

(Jamestown Colony) Solution

• The colony looked for new leaders

• -John Smith came to Jamestown in chains

• -The people didn’t like him; however, he was a good leader

• -Strict orders: “If you want to eat, you must work.”

(Jamestown Colony) Relationships with Natives

• The Native tribe in the area (Powhatan) found an opportunity to trade

• Chief Powhatan was the main leader

• The colonists are in NEED of food so they are forced to trade

• As more colonists come to Jamestown, the natives see this as a threat

(Jamestown Colony) 1^st War

• The natives start a war with the colonists

• War lasts several years

(Jamestown Colony) End of 1^st War

• Pocahontas, Chief Powhatan’s daughter, marries an English man, John Rolfe

• War ends from John Rolfe and Pocahontas's marriage 

• Pocahontas goes to England as a Christian and dies from pneumonia

(Jamestown Colony) 2^nd War

• The Powhatans knew that their population would be gone soon

• -The Natives take their last stand and start a war with the English

• -Hundreds of Englishmen died

• -Powhatan’s become completely extinct

(Jamestown Colony) Important Events

• Establishment of the House of Burgess

• -Was the first example of a democratically-elected legislative body in America

(Jamestown Colony) John Rolfe

• -Found tobacco which became really popular

• -The tobacco industry has become really popular

• -Needs a labor source for the plantations

(Jamestown Colony) Use of Natives for Labor

• First used Natives

• -Not enough because they kept dying from Smallpox

(Jamestown Colony) Indentured Servants

• People from England who came to America to work and do their contracts

• Once their contract is finished, they are free to go

• Not enough PEOPLE!

(Jamestown Colony) Headright System

• When a rich person comes to America, every servant they bring with them allows the rich person to get more land

• -Need more PEOPLE!

(Jamestown Colony) Africans

• Perfect to be used as a labor source 

• -Smallpox was not effecting they were immune

• -They didn’t know the land as well, so if they tried to run away, they would die (allowing them to stay put)

Virginia Colony: Governor

Will Berkely

Virginia Colony: West Virginia:

Poor/less wealthy landowners

Virginia Colony: East Virginia

Wealthy land owners (Aristocracy)

Virginia Colony: Bacon’s rebellion (Nathaniel Bacon)

What: West colonists wanted to attack the east

Why: After Berkeley refused Bacon's request to drive Native American Indians out of Virginia.

Maryland Colony: About

• Proprietary colony (land given as a gift)

• -Lord Baltimore’s land

• -Claimed to be a safe place for Catholics 

• -Plantation colony (Tobacco) 

Maryland Colony: Maryland Act of Toleration

• Protestants (roman catholic church)  and Catholics have peace

• -Atheists and Jews were not allowed on the land

Maryland Colony: Labor

• Used Africans as labor

• -Mostly used for the plantation

Carolina’s Colony: About

• -Royal Colony

• Established by the crown and run by the crown

Carolina’s Colony: Plantation

• The main plantation was sugar and rice

Carolina’s Colony: Natives Relationship

• Had close ties with the West Indians (Barbados)

Carolina’s Colony: Labor

• Used to use natives as slaves

• -Switch to African-Americans

Carolina’s Colony: Separation

• The South and the North split into 2 different colonies

Gerogia Colony: About

• -Proprietary Colony

• -Buffer

Gerogia Colony: Economy

• Mainly plantation

Gerogia Colony: People

• James Oglethorpe (governor)

• -Most people here came from prison (penal colony)

• -If a slave escaped, they would go here (in between New Spain and Carolina)

Gerogia Colony: Labor

• Used to use natives as slaves

• -Switch to African-Americans

New England Colonies:

• Plymouth

• Mass. Bay Colony

• Rhode Island Colony

Plymouth Colony: People

• The pilgrims were separatist (wanted to separate from the church)

• -Able to barely hold on and survive

Plymouth Colony: Mayflower Compact

• Establish who has a say

• -Limitations and guidelines

Plymouth Colony: Government

• Embrace democracy for men

Plymouth Colony: Relation with Natives

• Wanted to co-exist with the natives

Mass. Bay Colony: People

• Puritans

• John Winthrop was the governor

• Wanted to make this a “city on the hill”

Mass. Bay Colony: Relation With Natives

• Saw Natives as obstacles

• -Wanted to remove them

Mass. Bay Colony: Government

• Based on religion (puritans): Homogenous

Mass. Bay Colony: Food

• Makes a fish industry instead of crops

• -Lumber Industry 

• -Not open to outsiders

Rhode Island Colony: People

• -Roger Williams created this colony

• -Gets in trouble for going against the church of England        

• -Gets exiled

• -Ann Hutchinson gets banished from Mass. Bay Colony and joins Rhode Island Colony

• -Challenged gender roles in the Mass. Bay Colony

• -Gets killed by natives

Rhode Island Colony: Religion

• -Religion tolerance/freedom/democracy

• -Separatists

• -Puritans didn’t like this religious view

The Pequot War: About

• -Puritans VS Indians

• -First Indians to come against Puritans

• -Natives dealt with smallpox and got wiped out

The Pequot War: Native Solution

• King Philip (Metacom) realized that since all the tribes were spread apart and not together, each tribe was wiped out individually

• -Metacom wants to bring everyone together

The Pequot War: Outcome

• Metacom was decapitated as a warning

Middle Colonies:

• Pennsylvania Colony

• New Netherland Colony

Middle Colonies: About

• -Geographically in the middle 

• -Middle in the growing season (longer than northern/New England colonies, shorter than Southern colonies)

Middle Colonies: Crops

• -Staple Crops (corn, potato, onion, etc.)

• -Breadbasket Colonies (More crops than other colonies)

Middle Colonies: Religion

• Ethnicity was mixed and different all around

• -Different religion and race

Middle Colonies: Important Cities

• Philadelphia 

• -New York
  

Middle Colonies: Economy

• -lumbering

• -ship making

• -trading

New Netherland Colony: About

• Established by the Dutch

• People came here to make money

• -No religion/missionary work

New Netherland Colony: Capital

• New Amsterdam was the Capital

• -After England takes over, New Amsterdam turns into New York

New Netherland Colony: Religion

• Ethnicity was mixed and different all around

• -Different religion and race

New Netherland Colony: Take Over

• England take over the place

• -Changed some names of the places around

• -Keeps everything the SAME (making a lot of money / successful)

Pennsylvania Colony: About

• Proprietary colony given to William Penn

• -Quakers belief (belief was persecuted in other colonies)

• -Quakers came here

Pennsylvania Colony: Violence

• Hated violence

• -Didn’t allow violence

• -Abolitionist (hated slavery)

Pennsylvania Colony: Relation with Natives

• Tried to live with Natives

• -Doesn’t fight them

• -Trade

Northern/Middle - (Roman Catholic Church)

• The people have a protest against the Roman Catholic Church

• -Financial corruption/abuse of power

• -Immorality (BAD)

• -Theological differences (different beliefs)

Northern/Middle - (Martin Luther)

• A priest who was not happy with the Church of England 

• -Nailed 95 thesis (questions) criticizing the power of the pope and the religious ideas

• -Announces that Church’s aren’t needed

Northern/Middle - (Seperation)

• Church breaks apart into 2 (Catholics and Protestants)

• -Protestants break into 3 (Puritans, Lutherans, Church of England