Studied by 9 people
Source: Barron's AP Psychology
REM
________ (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep- Brain activity increases, your eyes dart around quickly, and your pulse, blood pressure, and breathing speed up.
internal process
A natural, ________ that regulates the sleep- wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours.
form of symbols
Even during sleep, our ego protects us from the material in the unconscious mind by presenting these repressed desires in the ________.
physiological change
A(n) ________ that produces a need for more of the same drug in order to achieve the same effect.
Mere exposure Effect
Occurs when we prefer stimuli we have seen before over novel stimuli, even if we do not consciously remember seeing the old stimuli
Priming
Research participants respond more quickly and/or accurately to questions they have seen before, even if they do not remember seeing them
Blind Sight
Some people who report being blind can nonetheless accurately describe the path of a moving object or accurately grasp objects they say they cannot see.
One level of consciousness is not getting any visual information, while another level is able to “see” as demonstrated by their behaviour
Conscious level
The info about yourself and your environment you are currently aware of.
e.g. Reading these words
Nonconscious level
Body processes controlled by your mind that we are not usually aware of.
e.g. Heartbeat, digestion, respiration
Preconscious level
Information about yourself of your environment that you are not currently thinking about (not in your conscious level) but you could be.
e.g. What was your favourite toy as a child?
Subconscious level
Info that we are not consciously aware of but we know must exist due to behaviour
e.g. Fears
Unconscious level
Psychoanalytic psychologists believe some events and feelings are unacceptable to our conscious mind and are repressed into the unconscious mind.
Circadian Rhythm
A natural, internal process that regulates the sleep–wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours.
Sleep onset
The period when we are falling asleep
Alpha waves
Produced when we are drowsy, but awake
Theta waves
Produced between stages 1 and 2
Sleep spindles
Short bursts of rapid brain waves during stage 2
Delta waves
Produced between stages 3 and 4
Delta sleep is important in replenishing the body’s chemical supplies, releasing growth hormones, and fortifying immune systems.
REM Sleep
Brain activity increases, your eyes dart around quickly, and your pulse, blood pressure, and breathing speed up.
Insomnia
Most common sleep disorder
Persistent problems getting to sleep or staying asleep at night
Narcolepsy
Much rarer than insomnia
Periods of intense sleepiness and may fall asleep at unpredictable and inappropriate times
Sleep Apnea
Causes a person to stop breathing for short periods of time during the night
Can be fatal if severe
Night terrors
A sleep disorder in which a person quickly awakens from sleep in a terrified state
Occur in stage 4 of sleep
Somnambulism (Sleep Walking)
Getting up and walking around while in a state of sleep
Occur in stage 4 of sleep
Manifest content
Literal content of our dreams
Latent content
Unconscious meaning of the manifest content
Protected sleep
Even during sleep, our ego protects us from the material in the unconscious mind by presenting these repressed desires in the form of symbols.
Activation-synthesis theory
Looks at dreams first as biological phenomena
Dreams are nothing more than the brain’s interpretations of what is happening physiologically during REM sleep
Information-processing theory
Stress during the day will increase the number and intensity of dreams during the night
Brain is dealing with daily stress and information during REM dreams
Function of REM is to integrate the info processed during the day into our memories
Blood-Brain Barrier
The brain is protected from harmful chemicals in the bloodstream by thicker walls surrounding the brain’s blood vessels
Psychoactive drug molecules are small enough to pass through this barrier
Agonists
Drugs that occupy the receptors and activate them like a neurotransmitter
Antagonists
Drugs that occupy receptors but do not activate them
Block receptor activation by agonists
Tolerance
A physiological change that produces a need for more of the same drug in order to achieve the same effect.
Withdrawal
The combination of physical and mental effects a person experiences after they stop using or reduce their intake of a drug
Stimulants
Arouse the autonomic nervous system
Caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine
Depressants
Slow down the autonomic nervous system
Alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers
Hallucinogens
Cause sensory distortions
Marijuana, LSD, peyote, mushrooms, psilocybin
Opiates
Relieve pain, elevate mood (agonists for endorphins)
Codeine, morphine, heroine, methadone
Reverse Tolerance
Hallucinogens may remain in the body for weeks and if an individual ingests the hallucinogen again during this time period, the new dose is added to the lingering amount.
Creates more profound and potentially dangerous side effects.
Sleep onset
The period when we are falling asleep
REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep
Brain activity increases, your eyes dart around quickly, and your pulse, blood pressure, and breathing speed up
4 categories of drugs
Stimulants, Depressants, Hallucinogens, Opiates
