Chapter 8 Reading Quiz

The heart of the eighteenth-century colonial rivalry in the Americas lay in ________.

the West Indies

A peninsulare was a person ________.

born in Spain

As a result of a scarcity of labor, which of the following nations were the first to quickly turn to importing African slaves?

Spain and Portugal

The first slaves traded in the transatlantic economy, in the early sixteenth century, landed in ________.

the West Indies and South America

Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in ________ areas.

Portugese

A vast increase in the number of Africans brought as slaves to the Americas occurred during the eighteenth century, with most arriving in ________.

the Caribbean or Brazil

Colonial trade in the transatlantic world roughly followed a ________.

triangle

The War of Jenkins's Ear was fought by England to block incursions on British trade by ________.

Spain

Maria Theresa's great achievement was ________.

the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as a major political power

The French and Indian War formally erupted in the summer of ________.

1755

The Seven Years' War was fought mainly in ________.

North America

Much credit for Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War should go to ________.

William Pitt the Elder

Europe's balance of power was upset when Prussia's King Frederick II seized the Austrian province of ________.

Silesia

The defensive alliance aimed at preventing the entry of foreign troops into the German states was the ________

Convention of Westminster

Benjamin Franklin gained assistance against Britain from ________.

France

The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 was ________.

a shift in alliances

The act that put a tax on legal documents and other items such as newspapers was the ________.

Stamp Act

What crop, more than any other increased the early demand for slave labor?

sugar

Britain changed the outcome of the Seven Years' War when it came to the aid of ________.

Prussia

The war that gave the world a successful government without kings was the ________.

American Revolution

Although the primary trade pattern of the transatlantic economy was from Africa and Europe to the Americas, a secondary trade pattern existed between ________.

New England and the West Indies

To what region was the greatest number of slaves sent?

the West Indies

The philosophy of John Locke contributed to the rhetoric surrounding which war?

the American Revolution

The intendants used by Charles III amounted to an expansion of _________.

royal power

The leader of the Yorkshire Association Movement was ________.

Christopher Wyvil

The commercial empires of the 1700s were a feature of the _________stage of European imperialism.

second

Which of the following factors allowed European nations to exert influence and dominance over much of the world?

technological superiority

Mercantilist thinkers assumed that ________.

only modest levels of economic growth were possible

Under mercantilism, colonies existed to provide markets and natural resources for the industries of the home country, and in turn, the home country was to ________.

protect and administer the colonies

According to the text, which of the following were closely related?

warfare in West Africa and slavery in the Americas

What two areas were often the source of conflict and wars between the great powers in the mid-eighteenth century?

overseas empires and central and eastern Europe

Frederick II's invasion of Silesia offset the continental balance of power and ________.

shattered the provisions of the Pragmatic Sanction

The war over the Austrian succession and the British-Spanish commercial conflict might have remained separate disputes; what united them was the ________.

role of France

At the outbreak of the French and Indian War, new political alliances formed in Europe and included an alliance between ________.

France and Austria

From the British victory in the French and Indian War, Great Britain became not only a European power, but also a world power until ________.

World War II

What was the outcome of the 1783 Treaty of Paris?

The treaty granted independence to the American colonies.

What was the reaction of the American colonists to the Quebec Act?

The Americans regarded the Quebec Act as an attempt to prevent their mode of self-government from spreading beyond the Appalachian Mountains.

At the conclusion of the French and Indian War, what two imperial problems did the British government face?

the costs of maintaining its empire and the vast expanse of new territory in North America that it had to organize

After 1713, what did the following colonies have in common: Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Bermuda, Jamaica, and Barbados?

They were all British colonies.

What was one of the most important causes that drove European nations to increase their taxes in the mid-eighteenth century?

They had to pay off their war debts from prolonged wars.

What did the world learn about the Atlantic Passage from memoirs and ships logs?

The process of moving Africans to the Americas was horrific and inhumane.

What conditions in Africa facilitated the capture and forced transport of African slave labor?

political unrest and inter-tribal warfare

Religion among slave communities in the Americas is best described as ________.

a mixture of Christian and African traditions

What advantage did the peninsulares receive in the Spanish Colonies?

They received the best, most profitable jobs in the region.

The Yorkshire Association Movement was started in England to ________.

reform the government

What were the effects of the Yorkshire Association Movement?

Many people gained experience with political protest.

What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

Britain received all of Canada, the Ohio River valley, and the eastern half of the Mississippi River valley.

What prompted the emergence in Europe of eating dessert after a meal?

the increased access to sugar

What was the British motivation for passing the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act?

Britain needed to raise money to pay its debts.

The technique used to assure discipline, prevent injury to the crew, and prevent suicide among Africans on the Atlantic Passage was to ________.

keep the Africans in iron shackles throughout the voyage

The use of Coromantee illustrates ________.

the survival of African culture under slavery

The mid-eighteenth-century wars had what impact on the domestic politics of the nations that took part?

The impact was felt primarily through the demands for taxation caused by the wars.

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748, resulted in which of the following?

Prussia retained Silesia.

The Intolerable Acts were prompted by ________.

colonial protest to earlier tax measures

The American Revolution had what effect on British policy in the short term?

Some reforms were achieved.