Chem Basics

matter definition

anything w mass + volume

solid (shape, volume)

DEFINITE shape + volume

liquid (shape, volume)

DEFINITE volume + shape of container

gas (shape, volume)

neither

classification of matter

pure substances and mixtures

pure substances (defintion)

matter that is uniform (homogeneous) + fixed composition by mass

Mixtures

Two or more different substances mixed together.

Pure substances (types)

Elements and Compounds

Element (definition)

atoms of a SINGLE type and cant decompose further

compound (definition)

1+ type of element (FIXED)

types of mixtures

homogeneous and heterogeneous

homogeneous mixture (definition)

uniform combo of substances; evenly mixed

heterogeneous mixture (definition)

scattered mixture; not uniformly dispersed

physical property definition

measured w/o changing the identity + composition of a substance

examples of physical properties (at least 3)

color, odor, density, melting/boiling point, solubility, texture

chemical properties (definition)

lead to changes in the identity + composition of a substance

which subatomic particles are found inside the nucleus at the center of an atom?

protons (+) and neutrons (-)

where are electrons located?

outside the nucleus in the ELECTRON CLOUD

if a neutron number changes for an element, does the element change?

no bc only proton # can change an elements identity

which subatomic particle adds mass to an atom

neutron

charge for neutron

0

charge for proton

\+

charge for electron

\-

atomic # =

proton # = electron #

how to find atomic mass

p-n (proton # - neutron #)

HOW is the periodic table organized?

increasing atomic #

isotope (definition)

when the neutron # of an element changes but has the same proton #

molecule (definition)

smallest identifiable sample of a substance

types of molecules (3)

diatomic molecules, monatomic molecules, polyatomic molecules

which type of molecule is the noble gas group?

they are all MONATOMIC mlc (want to be left alone)

which molecule contains “7 up”

POLYATOMIC

MONatomic mlc (definition)

isolated atoms that do not want to react/interact w other atoms

POLYatomic mlc (definition)

2+ atoms linked together

DIatomic mlc (defintion)

EXACTLY 2 atoms linked together; paired w itself

monatomic molecules (list them out)

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn (AKA noble gases)

diatomic molecules (list them out)

H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 (AKA 7up)

polyatomic molecules (list them out)

O3, P4, S8, C60

the identity of an element is determined by ______

atomic #/proton #

physical changes/rxn (definition)

changes that accompany the measurement of PHYSICAL properties

chemical changes/rxn (defintion)

changes that accompany the measurement of CHEMICAL properties

what type of change/rxn are phase changes?

physical changes/rxn