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20 Terms

1
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what is the structure of solids?

Particles in solids are arranged in a highly ordered and fixed pattern, forming a crystalline lattice.

2
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describe the movement of particles in a solid

Particles in a solid can only vibrate about their fixed positions.

3
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why do solids have high density?

Solids generally have higher densities compared to liquids and gases because their particles are tightly packed.


4
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what is the structure of liquids?

 Particles in liquids are still close together but not in a fixed arrangement.

5
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describe the movement of particles in a liquid

Particles can move around and slide past one another, allowing liquids to change shape while maintaining volume.

6
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what is the structure of gasses?

Particles in gases are far apart compared to solids and liquids. There is no fixed arrangement, and particles move freely.


7
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describe the movement of gas particles

Gas particles move rapidly and randomly in all directions.

8
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what happens in melting?

When a solid is heated, its particles gain energy and vibrate more vigorously until they overcome the strong intermolecular forces holding them in place

9
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what happens in freezing?

When a liquid is cooled, its particles lose energy and move less, allowing the intermolecular forces to arrange them into a fixed, orderly structure

10
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what happens in boiling?

When a liquid is heated, its particles gain enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together. They break free and form a gas.

11
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what happens in condensation?

When a gas is cooled, its particles lose energy and move closer together, forming a liquid as intermolecular forces pull them together.


12
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what happens in sublimation?

In some substances, particles gain enough energy to transition directly from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase.

13
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what happens in depostion?

Gas particles lose enough energy to transition directly into a solid without passing through the liquid phase.

14
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what is density?

 Density is the measure of how compact the mass in an object/substance is Mass per unit volume


15
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what is buoyancy ?

Objects with lower density than a fluid will float in that fluid.


16
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what is pressure?

Pressure (P) is the force exerted per unit area.

17
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what is atmospheric pressure?

The pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere. At sea level, it is approximately 101,325 Pa (1 atm).

18
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what is gauge pressure?

the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure

19
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what is absolute pressure?

The total pressure including atmospheric pressure.

20
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what is hydrostatic pressure?

The pressure in a fluid at a given depth due to the weight of the fluid above it.