A white college student organization that issued the Port Huron Statement, calling for participatory democracy.
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Free Speech Movement
A major student protest at UC Berkeley demanding an end to university restrictions on student activities.
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JFK
Democratic president elected in 1960 who proposed the Civil Rights Bill and created the Executive Committee for the NSC in response to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
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New Frontier
John F. Kennedy's domestic policy, which included a federally mandated minimum wage and space exploration.
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Equal Pay Act
Legislation that guarantees equal pay for women for equal work.
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Engel v. Vitale
A court case that prohibits school prayer in New York public schools.
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Abington School Board v. Schempp
A court case that prohibits devotional reading of the Bible in schools.
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Fidel Castro
Revolutionary leader of Cuba who proposed land reforms and formed an alliance with the Soviet Union.
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Bay of Pigs
A failed CIA invasion of Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro, resulting in tension between the United States and Cuba.
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Berlin Wall
Constructed in 1961 around West Berlin, it restricted travel between West and East Berlin and limited 'brain drain'.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
A 13-day tension between the United States and Soviet Union over potential Soviet missile sites in Cuba.
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Flexible response
Kennedy's Cold War foreign policy that increased military spending on conventional arms instead of massive retaliation.
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US AID
Agency for International Development that provides civilian foreign aid in response to poverty or disasters.
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Peace Corps
A program that sends eager, idealistic young Americans to developing countries for 2 years.
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Lyndon B. Johnson
Became president after JFK's assassination and proposed Great Society programs while increasing US involvement in Vietnam.
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Johnson Treatment
Johnson's strategy of getting very close to people to convince them to vote for his resolutions.
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Civil Rights Act
Passed in 1965 to guarantee equal rights and opportunities to African Americans, making segregation illegal.
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Great Society
Johnson's domestic policy programs, including a War on Poverty.
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Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Provided federal funds to school districts based on student population.
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Medicare
Provided health insurance for all individuals over the age of 65.
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Medicaid
Provided funds to states for medical care for the poor and disabled.
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Immigration Act
Abolished discriminatory quotas on immigration based on national origins.
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Selma
A segregated city in Alabama where MLK organized a voting rights march, leading to the Voting Rights Act.
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Voting Rights Act
Legislation that ended literacy tests and allowed federal intervention in areas with low voter registration.
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
A reaction to reported North Vietnamese attacks, granting the president authority to take measures to prevent aggression.
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North Vietnamese Army
Communist forces from North Vietnam that supplied southern communist rebels via the Ho Chi Minh trail.
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National Liberation Front
An organization created by the Viet Cong, the southern communist rebels in Vietnam.
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Tet Offensive
A surprise attack by the Viet Cong in South Vietnam on Lunar New Year, which reduced popular support for Johnson.
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Black Panther Party
A militant African American organization based in Oakland, responding to MLK's assassination and encouraging self-defense.
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Bobby Kennedy
JFK's brother and a potential candidate for the 1969 elections, who was assassinated.