unit 8 - ch. 26

Students for a Democratic Society

white college student organization, issued Port Huron statement, called for participatory democracy

Free Speech Movement

major student protest at UC Berkeley to demand end of university restrictions on student activities

John F. Kennedy

democratic president elected in 1960, proposed Civil Rights Bill, created the Executive Committee for the NSC in response to the Cuban Missile Crisis

New Frontier

John F. Kennedy's domestic policy, which included a federally mandated minimum wage and space exploration

Equal Pay Act

legislation to guarantee equal pay to women for equal work

Engel v. Vitale

court case that prohibits school prayer in New York public schools

Abington School Board v. Schempp

court case that prohibits devotional reading of the Bible

Fidel Castro

revolutionary leader of Cuba, proposes land reforms, forms alliance with Soviet Union

Bay of Pigs

failed CIA invasion of Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro, resulted in tension between the United States and Cuba

Berlin Wall

constructed in 1961 around West Berlin, restricted travel between West and East Berlin, limits "brain drain"

Cuban Missile Crisis

US spy plans revealed possibly Soviet missile sites in Cuba, prompting thirteen days of tension and possible nuclear war between the United States and Soviet Union

flexible response

Kennedy's Cold War foreign policy, opposite of massive retaliation, increased military spending on conventional arms, sent counter-insurgency forces all around the world

US AID

Agency for International Development, provide civilian foreign aid in response to poverty or disasters

Peace Corps

program to send eager, idealistic young Americans to developing countries for 2 years

Lyndon B. Johnson

became president after JFK's assassination, from Texas, proposed Great Society programs, increased US involvement in Vietnam War

Johnson Treatment

Johnson's strategy to win votes in Congress, would get very close to people's faces and convince them to vote for his resolutions

Civil Rights Act

passed in 1965 to guarantee equal rights and equal opportunities to African Americans, made segregation illegal

Great Society

Johnson's domestic policy programs, includes a War on Poverty

Elementary and Secondary Education Act

provided federal funds to school districts based on students

Medicare

provided health insurance for all people over the age of 65

Medicaid

provided funds to states to pay for medical care for the poor and disabled

Immigration Act

abolished discriminatory quotes on immigration based on national origins

Selma

segregated city in Alabama, MLK organized voting rights march from this city to Montgomery, resulted in the Voting Rights Act

Voting Rights Act

ended literacy tests, allowed federal agents to intervene in counties with less that 50% of eligible voters registered

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

reaction against reported North Vietnamese firing on US warships, president can take "all necessary measures" to prevent further acts of North Vietnamese aggression

North Vietnamese Army

communist forces from North Vietnam, supplying southern communist rebels through the Ho Chi Minh trail and supply lines in Cambodia

National Liberation Front

organization created by Viet Cong, or southern communist rebels

Tet Offensive

Viet Cong surprise attack in South Vietnam on Lunar New Year, broadcasted on media, reduced popular support for Johnson

Black Panther Party

militant African American organization based in Oakland, response to MLK assassination, encouraged self-defense against white police officers

Bobby Kennedy

JFK's brother, potential democratic candidate to 1969 elections, assassinated