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r-strategists
lots of small babies, little to no parenting
type 3 survivorship
highest mortality rate at egg stage
eggs
very fragile; eyes develop and are light sensitive; cool water flowing over helps supply oxygen and get rid of waste
alevin
tiny fish that break out of the egg; have a yolk sac that supplies food and oxygen; stay in gravel until they’re big enough to swim out; most get trapped and die
fry
small fish, the size of a finger or less; begin to swim to the surface; get their own food (small insects) and oxygen; preyed on
smolt
teenagers; color changing to adult colors; grow rapidly, (if saltwater, gill adapt to regulate salt)
adult
adult size, adult colors, swim long distances, eat adult diet
spawners
reproductively mature; male and female swim upstream to lay eggs and deposit sperm; usually die afterwards
fish management
hatcheries managed by NC Wildlife; game and non-game fish; cold and warm water hatcheries; species specific management plans; sterilization of introduced species (triploidly)
invertebrates
animals without backbones; multicellular heterotrophs; eukaryotic; 95% to all animals
coelomates
many tubes; digestive tract surrounded by specialized organs suspended within the body (more complex)
acoelomates
a tube within a tube; one long digestive tract surrounded by tissue/fluid (simple)
radial
type of body symmetry; body parts extend from a central point
bilateral
type of body symmetry; can divide in half (left-right or front-back)
porifera
holey skin
cnidaria
stinging cells
mollusca
shelled
platyhelminthes
flatworms
nematoda
roundworms
annelida
segmented worm
athropoda
segmented legs
echinodermata
spiny skin
freshwater mussel importance
filter pollutants out of water; bioindicators
% of freshwater mussels endangered
50
mussel gills
internal to filter food and oxygen
mussel reproduction
males live upstream and release sperm → females who are downstream get fertilized → larvae are released and attach to host fish → after they grow big enough, they drop onto sediments and grow