Biology Topic 3 Reproduction

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What does reproduction involve?

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1

What does reproduction involve?

The joining of two gametes, the sperm and the ovum (the egg)

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2

What are the components of the male reproductive system?

Bladder, urethra, penis, scrotum, testis, sperm tube, prostate gland

<p>Bladder, urethra, penis, scrotum, testis, sperm tube, prostate gland</p>
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3

What is the bladder?

Muscular bag to store urine

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4

What is the urethra?

Tube through the penis which carries sperm out of the penis

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5

What is the penis?

Organ that releases sperm into the vagina

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6

What is the scrotum?

Sac that holds testes at slightly lower than body temperature.

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7

What are the testes?

Produce sperm

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8

What is the sperm tube?

Tube which carries sperm from testes to urethra

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9

What is the prostate gland?

Adds fluid to nourish sperm (semen)

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10

How are sperm adapted?

They have a flagellum to help them swim

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11

What are the components to the female reproductive system?

The oviduct, ovary, uterus wall, uterus, cervix, vagina

<p>The oviduct, ovary, uterus wall, uterus, cervix, vagina</p>
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12

What is the oviduct?

Carries ova to the uterus

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13

What is the ovary?

Where the ova are produced

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14

What is the uterus wall?

Where the placenta forms after fertilisation

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15

What is the uterus?

Where the foetus develops and is nourished

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16

What is the cervix?

The opening of the uterus- it widens during birth

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17

What is the vagina?

Where the penis is placed during intercourse

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18

What is the male sex hormone?

Testosterone and it is produced in the testes

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19

What is the female sex hormone?

Oestrogen and it is produced in the ovaries

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20

What happens during fertilisation?

The fusion of an ovum and a sperm in the oviduct

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21

What are the steps of fertilisation?

Haploid nuclei of ovum and sperm fuse and form a diploid

fertilised egg is now a zygote

Zygote divides by mitosis, form an embryo as it travels down oviduct to the uterus

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22

What are the adaptations of the placenta?

There is a rich network of blood vessels to increase blood flow

There is a large number of villi to increase surface area

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23

What is the umbilical cord?

Contains the umbilical artery and vein to allow for exchange of gases, nutrients, waste products between the mother and foetus

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24

What is the amnion?

The membrane containing the amniotic fluid protecting the embryo

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25

What is the amniotic fluid?

Cushions the developing embryo

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26

What is the menstrual cycle?

The renewal of the blood rich lining of the uterus- this is to provide a suitable environment for a developing embryo

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27

How long does the menstrual cycle last?

Approximately 28 days

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28

What are the stages of the menstrual cycle?

Menstruation (1-5), following menstruation (6-13), ovulation (13-15)

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29

What is menstruation?

The breakdown and removal of the uterus lining at the end of each cycle. Lasts from puberty to 44-55 years

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30

What happens in the days after menstruation?

The rebuilding of the uterus lining to prep for fertilisation

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31

What is ovulation?

The release of an ovum from the ovary

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32

What does oestrogen do in the menstrual cycle?

Causes the repair and build up of uterus lining and stimulates ovulation

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33

What does progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?

Maintains the build up of uterus lining and prepares uterus for pregnancy

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34

What time is fertilisation most likely to occur during?

Days 13-15

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35

What do fertility drugs do?

Increase egg production and release

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36

What are the steps of in vitro fertilisation?

Stimulation, egg retrieval, insemination, pregnancy

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