American History Chapter 6

July 4, 1776

Declaration of Independence adopted

1777

Battle of Saratoga

1781

Battle of Yorktown

1783

Treaty of Paris

Olive Branch Petition

July 1775; colonies sent a petition to George III to repair their relationship

Continental Congress

Issued a document entitled Declaration of the Cause and Necessity of Taking up arms

Hessians

German soldiers

Thomas Paine

Authored an pamphlet entitled Common Sense

Richard Henry Lee

proposed on June 7, 1776 that America should be free from England

Declaration of Independence

most important human statement of political principles in history

John Locke

social contract theory; individuals have rights to life, liberty, and property

William Blackstone

Commentaries on the Laws of England

Patriots

supported independence from England

Loyalists

supported the king and his authority

Proclamation of Rebellion

What did the King issue in England

Prohibitory Acts

What did Parliament issue

Robert Morris

appointed Superintendent of Finance

Haym Solomon

Polish Jew who helped finance the war

Benedict Arnold

colonial general who committed treason when he handed over West

General William Howe

Who sailed to New York after fleeing Boston

Lord Richard Howe

Who led the British fleet that forced Washington to retreat

Hessians

Who did Washington defeat in Trenton on Christmas day

Horatio Gates

Who was Burgoyne surrounded by

Saratoga

Where was Burgoyne forced to surrender

Battle of Saratoga

What was the turning point for the war of independence

Brandywine and Germantown

Where did General Howe defeat Washington

Valley Forge

Where did Washington’s army fled to

Sir Henry Clinton

replaced General Howe; abandoned Philadelphia in the spring of 1778 and moved to NYC

George Rogers Clark

led the patriots on the frontier

Joseph Brant

native American leader who helped the British; became a missionary to his people

Anthony Wayne

recaptured Stony Point for the patriots

Privateers

civilian captains and ships (fought most of the naval battles)

John Paul Jones

led the Bonhomme Richard to defeat the Serapis

General Cornwallis

led a campaign vs the patriots in the South

Francis Marion

“Swamp Fox”

Thomas Sumter

“Game Cock”

Battle of King’s Mountain

checked the advance of the British

Nathanael Greene

The “Fighting Quaker”, led the British away from their reinforcements

Battle of Yorktown

Washington attacked Cornwallis from the North with the French

Stony Point

What did Anthony Wayne recapture

America

Who did not have an official navy

Bonhomme Richard

What did John Paul Jones lead

Comte de Grasse

Who led the French fleet that blocked the entrance to Chesapeake Bay

Philadelphia

What did the British capture in the results of victories

America

Who turned down the British proposal

October 19, 1781

What date was Cornwallis forced to surrender