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Barium Chloride
An inorganic compound with the formula BaCl2, used in various chemical reactions.
Silver Nitrate
A chemical compound with the formula AgNO3, commonly used in precipitation reactions.
Net Ionic Equation
An equation that shows only the species that are involved in a chemical reaction, omitting spectator ions.
Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase.
Electron Affinity
The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom.
Isoelectronic Ions
Ions that have the same number of electrons but different nuclear charges.
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)
A model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the extent of electron-pair electrostatic repulsion.
Molecular Geometry
The three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms within a molecule.
Empirical Formula
The simplest positive integer ratio of elements in a compound.
Limiting Reactant
The reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.
Enthalpy Change
The heat content change associated with a chemical process at constant pressure.
Polar Molecule
A molecule that has a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds.
Nonpolar Molecule
A molecule that does not have distinct positive or negative poles and typically shares electrons equally.
Lewis Structure
A diagram that represents the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons.
Rate Law Expression
An equation that relates the rate of a reaction to the concentration of its reactants.
Law of Mass Action
A principle stating that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reacting species.
