Botlec - Module 4: roots

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ROOTS

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94 Terms

1

ROOTS

anchorage of the plant

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2

PROPAGATION

reproduction of plant through roots

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3

RADICLE

Embryo’s first root

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4

HYPOCOTYL

Above the radicle; support the cotyledon

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5

PLUMOLE

where the shoot emerges from

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6

MICROPYLE

Where the radicle emerges from

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7

TAP ROOT SYSTEM

roots found in Dicot plants

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8

FIBROUS ROOTS

Roots found in Monocot plants

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9

TAP ROOT SYSTEM

Root system that deeply anchors the plant in the ground

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10

TAPROOT SWOLLEN

Type of taproot; Single and large taproot extending from the stem

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11

TAPROOT PRIMARY

Type of taproot; larger that average root going deeper into the soil

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12

TAPROOT EVEN

Type of taproot; Number of large equal sized taproots

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13

FIBROUS ROOT SYSTEM

Secondary roots continue to grow until all roots are nearly equal in size; absorbs water and nutrients quickly

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14

ADVENTITOUS ROOTS

Roots grow from other parts of the plant other than the base of the stem

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15

SEED GERMINATION

process by which a plant grows from a seed into a seedling; Root growth starts from…

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16

APICAL MERISTEM

Controls primary growth; growth in length

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17

LATERAL MERISTEM

Controls secondary growth; growth in width

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18

ROOT CAP

located at the tip; for protection, mucilage, and gravitropism

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19

CALYPTOGEN/CALYPTRA

Tissue of the root cap

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20

THIMBLE

Shape of the root cap

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21

GRAVITROPISM

uses amyloplast/statoliths as gravity sensors

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22

PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND TERTIARY ROOTS

External structure of a root

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23

ROOT CAP, REGION OF CELL DIVISION, REGION OF ELONGATION, AND REGION OF MATURATION

Internal root system in a taproot

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24

PROTODERM

Forms the epidermis

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25

GROUND MERISTEM

Forms the ground tissue

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26

PROCAMBIUM

Forms the vascular tissue

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27

REGION OF ELONGATION

Cells become longer and wider

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28

XYLEM OR PHLOEM

Region of maturation inside the root

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29

EPIDERMIS

Region of maturation outside the root; absorb water and dissolved minerals

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30

ROOT HAIR

Tubular outgrowth of hair on the epidermis of a plant root; increases surface area of the root

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31

CUTICLE

waxy layer on the root (bot not on the root hair)

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32

CORTEX

lies between the epidermis and inner tissues

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33

ENDODERMIS

Inner boundary of cortex

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34

CASPARIAN STRIP

Wax (suberin) around endodermis; regulates water and mineral uptake and transport by the roots

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35

VASCULAR CYLINDER

aka stele; lies to the inside of the endodermis

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36

PERICYCLE

divide to produce lateral roots and gives rise to a cork cambium; parenchyma tissue

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37

CORK CAMBIUM

produces cork which becomes part of the bark of the root

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38

X SHAPE

Arrangement of xylem and phloem in a Dicot root

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39

RING SHAPES

Arrangement of xylem and phloem in a Monocot root

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40

FOOD STORAGE ROOTS

roots are enlarge of and store large quantities of starch and other carbohydrates, which may later be used for extensive growth

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41

Dioscorea alata

Scientific name of cassava

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42

WATER STORAGE ROOTS

Plants that grow in arid regions; grows structures that retain water

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43

Cucurbita maxima

Scientific name of Pumpkins

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44

Marah organus

Scientific name of Manroots

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45

Cucurbita perennis

Scientific name of Calabazilla

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46

Citrullus lanatus

Scientific name of Watermelon

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47

PROPAGATIVE ROOTS

produces adventitious buds along the roots that grow near the surface of the ground

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48

SUCKERS

buds develop into aerial stems

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49

ROOTED SUCKERS

can be separated from the original root and grow individually

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50

Prunus avium

Scientific name of Cherries

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51

Pyrus communis

Scientific name of Pear

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52

PNUEMATOPHORES

aka breathing roots; to help plants that grow in a very wet areas like swamps to get enough oxygen; roots above the surface of the water

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53

Avicenna germininans

Scientific name of Black Mangrove

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54

CONTRACTILE ROOTS

continually pull the plants deeper into the soil as the stem elongates

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55

Lilium spp

Scientific name of Lily

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56

Taraxacum officinale

Scientific name of Dandelion

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57

Hyacinthus orientals

Scientific name of Hyacinth

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58

BUTTRESS ROOTS

large roots on all sides of a tall or shallowly rooted tree; provide support and stability to a tree

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59

PARASITIC ROOTS

parasitize their host plants via peg-like projections

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60

HAUSTORIA

Peg-like projections used by parasitic roots

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61

AERIAL ROOTS

Roots growing above the ground

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62

ORCHIDS

Aerial plant that produces velamen roots

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63

CORN

Aerial plant that has prop roots

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64

IVIES

Aerial plant that has adventitious roots

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65

VANILA ORCHIDS

Aerial plant that has photosynthetic roots

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66

SYMBIOTIC ROOTS

form a mutualistic association with plant roots

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67

ECTOMYCORRHIZAE

fungi grow in the outermost layers of the cortex cells of the root (trees)

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68

MYCORRHIZAE

aka fungal root; fungi that have a symbiotic relationship with the roots of many plants

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69

ENDOMYCORRHIAZE

Fungi penetrates the cortex cells, al the way to the endodermis

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70

RHIZOBIA

Root and bacteria symbiotic; nitrogen fixation, convert N2 to NH3 to use by plant for protein synthesis

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71

OSMOSIS

absorption of water is chiefly or mainly occurs because water is present in higher concentration in the soil than within the epidermal cells.

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72

EPIDERMAL CELLS

Permeable to water

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73

Colocosia esculenta

Scientific name of Gabi

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74

GABI

tubers that yield amino acids; digestive, laxative, diuretic, lactogogue, and styptic

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75

Mimosa pudica

Scientific name of Makahiya

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76

Makahiya

yields flavonoids, phytosterol, alkaloids, amino acids, tannins, glycoside, and fatty acids; astringent, acrid, alexipharmic, antipasmodic, aphrodisiac, constipating, cooling, diuretic, emetic, febrifuge, resolvent, and vulnerary

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77

Glycyrrhiza glabra

Scientific name of Anis (licorice)

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78

ANIS SWEET ROOT

said to contain a glycyrrhizin, a saponin glycoside, that is roughly 50 times sweeter than cane sugar

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79

ANIS

demulcent, emollient, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, alterative, diuretic and laxative

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80

Alocasia macrorrhizos

Scientific name of Biga

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81

BIGA RHIZOMES

contains phytosterols, alkaloids, glucose and fructose

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82

BIGA ROOTSTOCK

considered laxative and diuretic

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83

Nephrolepis cordifolia

Scientific name of Bayabang

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84

BAYABANG TUBER

found to contain high amounts of moisture, fat, carbohydrates, and calcium

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85

BAYABANG RHIZOME

Contains high protein

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86

Begonia coccinea

Scientific name of Begonia

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87

BEGONIA ROOTS

Used for conjunctivitis

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88

Chlorophytum comosum

Scientific name of spider plant

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89

SPIDER PLANT ROOTS

yields sapogenins and saponins

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90

SPIDER PLANT

antitumor, antiproliferative, indoor air-purifying, phytoremediative, burn wound healing properties

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91

Imperata cylindrical

Scientific name of Kogon

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92

KOGON

considered antifebrile, anthelmintic, antibacterial, diuretic, febrifuge, restorative, styptic, and tonic

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93

Saccharum spontaneum

Scientific name of Talahib

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94

TALAHIB

Yields terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates roots

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