Chapter_15 - Nervous System

What are the two main parts of the Nervous System?

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

What is the role of the spinal cord in the CNS?

It is the continuation of the brain, protected within the spine, allowing for thought, movement, and communication.

What does the somatic nervous system do?

It sends signals to skeletal (voluntary) muscles and receives input from the senses.

What is the function of the automatic nervous system?

It operates subconsciously and controls involuntary muscles and bodily functions.

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater.

What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its function?

CSF cushions the brain and spinal cord, transports nutrients, and removes waste.

What is the main function of the cerebrum?

It controls skeletal muscles, interprets sensory input, and is involved in intellectual and emotional processing.

What is a stroke?

A medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to brain tissue damage.

What causes Bell's Palsy?

Inflammation or compression of the facial nerve, often with no conclusive cause.

What is the difference between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease?

Dementia is a set of symptoms associated with cognitive decline, while Alzheimer's is a specific neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia.

Define ataxia in relation to movement disorders.

A condition resulting from cerebellar damage causing uncoordinated movements and balance issues.

What is tinnitus and its associated symptoms?

A condition often associated with hearing loss characterized by ringing or buzzing in the ears.

What type of lesions indicate Multiple Sclerosis?

Sclerotic patches on the brain and spinal cord.

What are the signs of PTSD?

Symptoms relating to traumatic events such as sudden onset of anxiety and fear.

What is the role of a psychiatrist?

A physician specializing in the treatment of mind disorders who can prescribe medications.

What defines schizophrenia?

A serious mental disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.

What characterizes clinical depression?

A prolonged form of depression involving neurotransmitter disturbances that interferes with daily functioning.

What is the significance of cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

It is another term for stroke, resulting from disrupted blood flow to the brain.

What are common symptoms of multiple sclerosis?

Symptoms such as fatigue, difficulty walking, numbness, and weakness.

What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

A temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke, usually lasting a few minutes with no permanent damage.