AP HuG - Unit 5, Ch 11 Voab

climatic regions

areas with similar climatic characteristics

food desert

areas where people have limited access to fresh, nutritious food

cash crops

an agricultural crop grown primarily for profit and to be sold on the market

organic agriculture

the production of crops without the use of synthetic or industrially produced pesticides and fertilizers

Agribusiness

general term for the businesses that provide the vast array of goods and services that support the agriculture industry

Agriculture

the deliberate tending of crops and livestock to produce food, feed, fiber, and fuel

secondary economic activity

activities that take a primary product and change it into something else

luxury crops

non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco

shifting cultivation

traditional farmers abandoned plots of land after the soil became infertile

tertiary economic activity

service industries that connect producers to consumers and facilitate commerce and trade

Mediterranean agriculture

specialized farming that occurs only in areas where the dry summer Mediterranean climate prevails

Monoculture

the dependence on a single agricultural commodity

root crops

crops that are reproduced by cultivating either the roots or cuttings from plants

quinary economic activity

services tied to research and higher education

plantation agriculture

the production system when cash crops are grown on large estates

primary economic activity

economic activities that involve the extraction of economically valuable products from the earth

plant domestication

genetic modification of a plant so that its reproductive success depends on human intervention

livestock ranching

the raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat and by-products

subsistence agriculture

only growing enough food to survive

commercial agriculture

the farming of large-scale grain producers and cattle ranches

Quaternary economic activity

services concerned with information or the exchange of money or goods

Primogeniture

the traditional Germanic practice where all land passes to the oldest son

Biotechnology

technology designed to manipulate seed varieties to increase crop yield

seed crops

plants that are reproduced by cultivating seeds

Koppen climatic classification system

used to classify the worlds climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation

long lot survey system

pattern used to divide land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals

First Agricultural Revolution

Dating back 10,000 years, achieved plant domestication and animal domestication

metes and bounds system

pattern used to divide land, where natural features were used to demarcate irregular pieces of land

Animal Domestication

genetic modification of an animal so that it is easier for a human to control

genetically modified organisms (GMO)

crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

slash and burn agriculture

existing vegetation isis removed by cutting and burning it down

township and range system

a rectangular land division schemedesigned by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the US interior

Second Agricultural Revolution

benefitting from the Industrial Revolution, introduced improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce

von Thunen model

the first effort to analyze the spatial character of economic activity

rectangular survey system

(AKA Public Land Survey) used to parcel and west of the Appalachian Mountains; divides land into a series of rectangular parcels

Third Agricultural Revolution

currently in progress, has its principal orientation in the development of genetically modified organisms

Green Revolution

refers to the use of biotechnology to create disease-resistant, fast-growing hybrid seeds