Enlightenment/Scientific Revolution VIP's

World History Study Guide

________- ruled England, Scotland and Ireland from 1660- 1685; was in exile for first 30 years of his life and restored to the throne after the English Civil War.

Charles II

________- English; a physician who was the first to detail the human circulatory system.

William Harvey

________- ruled France from 1643- 1715; Lived in the Palace of Versailles; ruled by divine right; forced the nobles to live at the Palace to maintain control over them.

Louis XIV

________- Prussia (modern day Poland), mathematician who formulated the sun was the center of the universe- heliocentric theory.

Nicolaus Copernicus

________- (his nom de plume, real name is François- Marie Arouet) French, advocated for freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state.

Voltaire

________- you should know the country and how they impacted their people.

Absolute Monarchs

________- French, The Social Contract, individuals have consented, either explicitly to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the ruler (or to the decision of a majority) in exchange for protection of their remaining rights.

Jean Jacque Rousseau

________- Greco- Roman Empire, Egypt- born in the year 100- geocentric theory.

Ptolemy

________- Italian, used the telescope to further prove Copernicus Heliocentric Theory; known as the Father of Astronomy.

Galileo

________- Men of Science- you should know where they were from and their famous works (theories)

Scientific Revolution

________- French; leader of the French Romantic Style (painter)

Eugene Delacroix

________- English, The Second Treatise of Government, men have natural rights and that they have the right to life, liberty and property (possessions)

John Locke

________- Philosophers- you should know where they are from and their famous works (books, ideas, philosophes)

Enlightenment Thinkers

________- English; Principia- laws of motion and gravity.

Isaac Newton

________- 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with William III, Prince of Orange, Netherland, who was James's nephew and son- in- law.

Glorious Revolution

________ (Calvin) Hobbes- English, The Leviathan, strongest person will survive (Darwinism); state must have absolute power.

Thomas

________- French, The Spirit of Laws, separation of powers.

Montesquieu

________- German astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer; laws of planetary motion (motion of planets around the sun); elliptical orbits.

Johannes Kepler

________- English; developed the scientific method.

Francis Bacon

________- Spanish; novelist, Don Quixote.

Miguel Cervantes

________- ruled the Tsardom of Russia from 1682- 1725; wanted to modernize or Westernize Russia based on Enlightenment ideas and theories.

Peter the Great

________- government by an absolute ruler or authority.

Absolutism

English, The Leviathan, strongest person will survive (Darwinism); state must have absolute power

Thomas (Calvin) Hobbes

French, The Spirit of Laws, separation of powers

Montesquieu

German astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer; laws of planetary motion (motion of planets around the sun); elliptical orbits

Johannes Kepler

English; developed the scientific method

Francis Bacon

you should know where they are from and the medium of art (musician, painter, writer)

The Arts

German; baroque era composer (1600-1750s)

Johann SebastianBach

Spanish; novelist, Don Quixote

Miguel Cervantes

ruled the Tsardom of Russia from 1682-1725; wanted to modernize or Westernize Russia based on Enlightenment ideas and theories

Peter the Great

government by an absolute ruler or authority

Absolutism

the right to rule derived directly from God, not from the consent of the people

Divine Right Theory

is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown

English Bill of Rights 1689

1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with William III, Prince of Orange, Netherland, who was James's nephew and son-in-law

Glorious Revolution