covalent bonding

what is covalent bonding

occurs between non-metal atoms sharing electrons

what are diatomic molecules

substances containing only two atoms

what is the octet rule

atoms will donate or share electrons in order to achieve eight electrons in their outer shells

electron dot diagrams show…

an element surrounded by its valence electrons as dots

what must you ensure when drawing the dot diagrams

that each atom has 8 electrons (octet rule)

what are lone pairs

pairs of outer shell electrons which are not involved in bonding

what is the valence structure

substitutes a dash for each pair of electrons

what is the lewis dot structure

uses lines forbidding and dots for lone pairs

what is the structural formula

uses lines to show the structure of the bonding and discards the lone pairs

what are some examples of physical representations of bonding

space filling model or Balla nd stick model