Quiz 7 Prep

intracellular fluid (icf)

70% of water in body, within cells

extracellular fluid (ecf)

30% of body water, outside cells

dehydration

loss of water from body/tissues

electrolytes

minerals in your body that carry electric charge

solvent

a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

solute

the dissolved matter in a solution; the component of a solution that changes its state

osmosis

solvent passes from area of LOW concentration to HIGH concentration

osmolarity

concentration of particles in a solution (it's pulling power)

isotonic

taking place with normal concentration(muscle), solution that contains the same concentration of water and solutes as the intracellular fluid

hypertonic solution

greater osmolarity than plasma (fluid with higher concentration)

hypotonic solution

less osmolarity than plasma (fluid w lower concentration)

Diffusion

movement of particles from HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration

aldosterone

hormone that stimulates the absorption of sodium in kidneys (regulates water to salt balance in kidneys)

edema scale- how many levels?

+4

what is RAAS Scale?

scale that assesses the level of sedation in pt, 10 levels

1lb of water in body is how many kg?

2.2 kg

what is a fluid fluid deficit

hypovolemia

what is an excess of fluid

hypervolemia

NCLEX Q: what types of labs are typically done to determine hypovolemia?

urine gravity test, hemoglobin (looking for a decrease), elevated BUN, serum electrolytes (blood test), nemocrat. blood test; DON'T NEED TO KNOW ALL

intracellular vs extracellular: which takes up 2/3 of body fluid?

intracellular!

example of extracellular fluid:

plasma or blood

T/F: oral care stimulates appetite/thirst

True

parenteral fluid therapy determines what?

rate of fluid administration

what is low sodium called? What are its normal ranges?

Hyponatremia: 135-145 (MeQ/L)

what is high sodium called? what is it's cause?

Hypernatremia, heat stroke or excessive sweating

what is too much potassium? What is its normal range?

Hypokalemia: 3.5-5 (MeQ/L)

what is too little potassium? What is it's cause?

Hyperkalemia, renal failure or kidney failure

what is MeQ/L?

milliequivalents per liter

what is too much calcium? What is its normal range?

Hypocalcemia: 8.6-10.2 (mg/dl)

what is too much calcium and its causes?

Hypercalcemia: hyperthyroidism/bone loss/renal issues

what is low magnesium and its normal range?

Hypomagnesia: 1.3-2.3 (mg/dl)

what is high magnesium and its causes?

Hypermagnesia: renal failure, DKA (diabetes)

what is high phosphorus and its normal ranges?

Hypophosphatemia: 2.5-4.5 (mg/dl)

what is high phosphorus and its causes?

Hyperphosphatemia: excessive vit.D, chemo, renal failure

Infiltration vs Infection (of IV): what is the main difference

infection has discharge while infiltration does not

Term for IV infection

phlebitis

what is term for too much IV fluid

septicemia

normal PH range

7.35-7.45 (perfect medium 7.4)

HCO3 (bicarbonate) range

22-26

subcutaneous injections- what angle?

45-90

intravenous injections- what angle?

25-30

intramuscular injections- what angle?

90

what is the largest needle size?

16 gauge

how much fluid can go into a intramuscular shot?

.5-3ml

how much fluid can be given in a subcutaneous injection?

.5-1ml

what type of solution is saline?

isotonic

spiritual assessment: what does HOPE stand for

Hope, Organized religion, Personal spiritual practice, Effects on medical care

what age can a person start having religions beliefs

4+

sexual assessment: what does BETTER stand for

Bring up topic, Explain your concern, Tell pt sexual dysfunction can happen, Timing (private setting not group), Educate, Record data

T/F: Chlamydia is a viral infection

False- bacterial

Fully compensated vs un-compensated:

fully is opposite but with normal ranges, un-compensated is normal PH but abnormal other data

what is normal compensation?

all numbers in normal range

what is fully compensated?

normal PH

what is uncompensated?

PCo2 or HCO3 are in normal range

quid pro quo

something for something; that which a party receives in return for something he does or gives or promises

what triggers psychological drive for thirst?

decreased blood volume and intracellular dehydration

which electrolytes regulate the parathyroid gland?

phosphorus and calcium

cardiac irregularities are a sign of what imbalanced electrolyte?

potassium or sodium

saline solution is what % LR and normal saline

0.9%

what nurse intervention would work for signs of pre-phlebitis?

a warm compress