Computers (IB)

Computer

Computer

"Complex electronic device designed to process data according to instructions."

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

"Component of a computer that interprets and executes instructions from software."

RAM

"Temporary memory in a computer that allows for fast data access and manipulation."

ROM

"Memory in a computer that stores data permanently and retains it even when the computer is powered off."

Input Devices

"Hardware devices (e.g. keyboards, mice) that allow users to enter data into a computer."

Output Devices

"Hardware devices (e.g. monitors, printers) that display or generate results from processed data."

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

"Storage device that uses spinning disks and magnetic storage to store data."

Solid State Drive (SSD)

"Storage device that uses flash memory technology for faster data access."

Operating System (OS)

"System software that manages hardware resources and provides a user interface for software applications."

Binary System

"System used by computers to represent data and instructions using 0s and 1s."

Hexadecimal System

"Numbering system using base 16, often used in computing for representing binary data."

Unicode

"Character encoding standard that supports a wider range of characters from different languages."

ASCII

"Standard character encoding scheme for representing text in computers."

Local Area Network (LAN)

"Network that connects devices within a limited area, such as a home or office."

Wide Area Network (WAN)

"Network that connects LANs over a large geographical area using leased lines or satellites."

TCP/IP

"Fundamental protocol suite used for data transmission over networks, including the internet."

HTTP

"Protocol used for transferring web pages over the internet."

HTTPS

"Secure version of HTTP that encrypts data during transmission for secure online communication."

Cloud Computing

"Delivery of computing services (e.g. servers, storage) over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis."

Cybersecurity

"Practices and measures taken to protect computer systems and data from unauthorized access and cyberattacks."

Ethernet

"Common technology used for LANs to connect devices using cables."

Wi-Fi

"Technology that allows devices to connect to a network wirelessly within a specific range."

Transistor

"Semiconductor device that revolutionized computing by replacing bulky vacuum tubes."

ENIAC

"Early electronic computer developed in the 1940s, one of the first general-purpose computers."

Mainframe

"Large, powerful computer used mainly by large organizations for critical applications."

Personal Computer (PC)

"Small, individual computer used by personal users, introduced in the 1980s."

Smartphone

"Portable device combining computing functions, communication, and internet access."

Tablet

"Portable touchscreen device larger than a smartphone, used for various applications."

AMD Ryzen 9

"High-performance CPU known for its efficiency in professional and gaming applications."

Intel Core i9

"High-performance CPU known for its efficiency in professional and gaming applications."

Windows 11

"Microsoft's latest operating system known for its user-friendly interface and gaming features."

macOS Monterey

"Apple's operating system that integrates with Apple products for seamless performance."

Adobe Creative Cloud

"Suite of applications for creative professionals, including Photoshop and Illustrator."

Firewall

"Security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules."

Phishing

"Cyberattack method used to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information such as passwords."

Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

"Security software that monitors network traffic for suspicious activity or behavior."

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

"Leading cloud service provider offering scalable computing resources over the internet."

Microsoft Azure

"Cloud computing service by Microsoft providing a variety of cloud-based services."

Python

"A high-level programming language known for its readability and simplicity, used in applications like artificial intelligence and web development."

C and C++

"Low-level programming languages used for system-level programming and embedded systems due to their direct hardware control capabilities."

Algorithms

"Systematic processes or equations used for data processing, automated reasoning, and calculations to solve computational problems efficiently."

Flowcharts

"Visual representations of algorithms or processes using symbols and arrows to illustrate decision points, actions, and data flow."

Pseudocode

"A high-level description of a computer program or algorithm using structured English and programming-like syntax to aid in program design."

Privacy Issues

"Concerns related to the collection, storage, and use of personal data, addressed by regulations like GDPR and CCPA."

Intellectual Property

"Legal protections (e.g. copyright, patents) for original creations and innovations, ensuring creators' rights to their works."

Digital Divide

"Disparities in access to and use of digital technology, impacting opportunities in education, employment, and socioeconomic growth.

Cybercrime

"Illegal activities conducted through digital platforms, such as hacking, phishing, and ransomware attacks."

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

"Technology that enables machines to perform tasks requiring human-like intelligence, including speech recognition and decision-making."

Machine Learning (ML)

"Branch of AI where computers learn from data and improve performance without explicit programming."

Internet of Things (IoT)

"Network of interconnected devices embedded with sensors and software to collect and share data over the internet."

Augmented Reality (AR)

"Enhances real-world environments by overlaying digital information and virtual objects, enhancing user interaction."

Virtual Reality (VR)

"Immerses users in a simulated environment through headsets, providing a sensory-rich experience."

Machine Learning (ML)

"Techniques that enable computers to learn from data and improve performance without being explicitly programmed."