Biology Cell Transport/Communication Test

Robert Hooke

Scientist who discovered the first cell in a piece of cork

Cell Theory

Theory that states:
1. All Living Things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function
3. New cells are produced from pre-existing cells

Eukaryotic

Type of cell that has a nucleus

Prokaryotic

Type of cell that DOES NOT have a nucleus

Cytoplasm

Where DNA is found in unicellular organisms

Prokaryotic

What type of cell bacteria is

Asexual Reproduction

What type of reproduction bacteria does to reproduce

Budding

Type of asexual reproduction when a small part of the cell breaks off

Binary Fission

Type of asexual reproduction when the cell splits

Bacillus

Oval shape of bacteria

Coccus

Circular shape of bacteria

Spirillus

Spiral shape of bacteria

Autotrophic

Type of organism that creates its own food for energy, usually in the form of photosynthesis

Chemotrophic

Kind of organism that uses chemicals to obtain energy

Heterotrophic

Type of organism that has to eat to obtain energy

Extremophiles

Organisms (bacteria) that live in extreme areas, like super hot or cold, or acidic or basic areas

Pathogens

What bad bacteria in your body is called

Antibodies

What your body produces to fight pathogens

No

Is a virus a living thing? (Yes/No)

Head

Where RNA is stored in viruses

Base Plate

What part of a virus is used to anchor onto cells

No

Are viruses made of cells? (Yes/No)

Vaccines

What is used to prevent viruses

Passive Transport

Type of cellular transport that DOES NOT require energy

Active Transport

Type of cellular transport that DOES require energy

Diffusion

Process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Cell Membrane

Where diffusion goes through

Equilibrium

When the concentrations on both sides are equal (This is a STATE OF BEING)

Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion of molecules that require the use of channel proteins. An example is water, because it is a polar molecule

Osmosis

Type of facilitated diffusion that uses aquaporins to diffuse water through the cell membrane

Concentration Gradient

The direction of the flow of molecules

Against

Which way does active transport go on the concentration gradient (With/Against)

With

Which way does passive transport go on the concentration gradient (With/Against)

Endocytosis

Type of Active Transport by which the cell membrane folds around a substance and creates a vesicle to transport around the cell

Exocytosis

Type of Active Transport by which the vesicle merges with the cell membrane and releases the substance out of the cell

Protein Pump

Active Transport that requires ATP energy shoot it out of the cell against the concentration gradient

Semi Permeable

When only certain substances are allowed to travel through something

Osmotic Pressure

Force exerted by the net movement of water in or out of the cell

Isotonic

When the concentration on both sides of the membrane is the same

Hypertonic

When the concentration is greater in relation to another substance

Hypotonic

When the concentration is less in relation to another substance

Plasmolyzed

When the cell membrane shrivels up but the cell wall stays intact in bacteria

Hydrophobic

Water fearing

Hydrophilic

Water loving

Glycerol

What part of the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer) is hydrophilic?

Fatty Acid

What part of the cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer) is hydrophobic?

Cells

Smallest level of organization

Tissues

Level of organization made up of cells

Organs

Level of organization made up of tissues

Organ Systems

Level of organization made up of organs

Receptors

Part of cell membrane that will receive chemical signals

Signal Transduction Pathways

What converts signals received cell’s surface into cellular responses

Exchange of Mating Factors

1st step in mating cells. Each cell type secretes a mating factor that binds to receptors on the other cell type.

Mating

2nd step in mating cells. Binding of the factors to receptors induces changes in the cells that lead to their fusion

New Cell

Last step in mating cells. The nucleus of the fused cell includes all the genes from each of the two cells.

Quorum Sensing

A concentration of signaling molecules that allows bacteria to sense local population density

Cell Junctions

Allows molecules to pass readily between adjacent cells without crossing the cell membrane

Gap Junction

A cell junction in an animal cell

Plasmodesmata

A cell junction in a plant cell

Cell-Cell recognition

What it is called when 2 cells are able to communicate by molecules protruding touching each other from their surfaces

Growth Factors

Stimulate nearby target cells to grow and divide

Synaptic Signaling

Occurs in animal nervous system when a neurotransmitter is released in response to an electrical signal

Hormones

What is used in long distance signaling

Reception

1st stage of cell signaling. Target cell detects a signaling molecule that binds to a receptor protein on the cell surface

Transduction

Binding of signaling molecule alters the receptor and initiates a signal transduction pathway

Response

Transduced signal triggers a specific response in the target cell