LOCAL ANESTHETICS (Chapter 26; Katzung)

HAS A NUMBING EFFECT ON THE CORNEA

COCAINE

COCAINE WAS KNOWN TO BE:

BENZOIC ACID ESTER

PROVED TO HAVE LIMITED UTILITY DUE TO ITS MARKED HYDROPHOBICITY & RELEGATED TO TOPICAL ANESTHESIA

BENZOCAINE

FIRST USEFUL INJECTABLE LOCAL ANESTHETIC

PROCAINE

IT HAS SIGNIFICANT TOXICITY WHEN EMPLOYED FOR HIGH-VOLUME PERIPHERAL BLOCKS

TETRACAINE

DRAWBACK: THEIR ESTER LINKAGE CONFERRED INSTABILITY

PROCAINE & TETRACAINE

ITS FREE AROMATIC ACID RELEASED DURING ESTER HYDROLYSIS OF THE PARENT COMPD WAS BELIEVED TO BE THE SOURCE OF RELATIVELY FREQUENT ALLERGIC REACTION

PROCAINE

HAD MORE FAVORABLE DURATION OF ACTION THAN PROCAINE AND LESS SYSTEMIC TOXICITY THAN TETRACAINE

LIDOCAINE

MOST VERSATILE & WIDELY USED ANESTHETIC

LIDOCAINE

MORE LIPOPHILIC & MORE POTENT ANESTHETIC

BUPIVACAINE

WHAT IS LOCAL ANESTHETIC?

LOSS OF SENSATION IN A LIMITED REGION OF THE BODY

HOW IS LOCAL ANESTHETIC ACCOMPLISHED?

BY DISRUPTION OF AFFERENT NEURAL TRAFFIC

LOCAL ANESTHETIC IS ACCOMPLISHED VIA

VIA INHIBITION OF IMPULSE GENERATION OR PROPAGATION

PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES WHEN GIVEN WITH LOCAL ANESTHETIC?

MUSCLE PARALYSIS
SUPPRESSION OF SOMATIC/VISCERAL REFLEXES

LOCAL ANESTHETIC IS OFTEN USED AS?

ANALGESICS

WHAT IS AN ANALGESIC?

THE ABILITY TO PROVIDE COMPLETE LOSS OF ALL SENSORY MODALITIES

DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC OF ANALGESICS?

ABILITY TO PROVIDE COMPLETE LOSS OF ALL SENSORY MODALITIES

TRUE OR FALSE?
LOCAL ANESTHETIC DRUG IS DELIVERED DIRECTLY TO THE TARGET ORGAN?

TRUE

USE OF SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION IN LOCAL ANESTHETIC?

SERVES ONLY TO DIMINISH OR TERMINATES THE EFFECT OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC

ENUMERATE THE ESTER LOCAL ANESTHETICS?

1. COCAINE
2. PROCAINE (NOVOCAINE)
3. TETRACAINE (PONTOCAINE)
4. BENZOCAINE

WHAT ARE THE EXAMPLES OF AMIDE LOCAL ANESTHETICS

1. LIDOCAINE (XYLOCAINE)
2. MEPIVACAINE (CARBOCAINE, ISOCAINE)
3. BUPIVACAINE (MARCAINE)
LEVOBUPIVACAINE (CHIROCAINE)
4. ROPIVACAINE (NAROPIN)
5. ARTICAINE

EXAMPLE OF A SHORT DURATION LOCAL ANESTHETIC

PROCAINE (NOVOCAINE)

EXAMPLE OF MEDIUM DURATION LOCAL ANESTHETICS

1. COCAINE
2. LIDOCAINE (XYLOCAINE)
3. MEPIVACAINE (CARBOCAINE)
4. ARTICAINE

EXAMPLE OF LONG DURATION LOCAL ANESTHETIC

1. TETRACAINE
2. BUPIVACAINE
LEVOBUPIVACAINE
3. ROPIVACAINE

BIRTH OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC

SEPTEMBER 15, 1884