Chapter5-Gases

What are the four phases of matter?

Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma.

What happens to gases in terms of container space?

Gases expand to fill their container.

How is pressure defined in terms of force and area?

Pressure is the amount of force exerted over a certain area (P = F/A).

What is the SI unit of pressure?

Pascal (Pa).

According to Boyle’s Law, what relationship exists between pressure and volume?

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature.

What is Charles's Law regarding gas volume and temperature?

At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvins.

What is Avogadro’s Law?

For a gas at constant temperature and pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas.

What does the Ideal Gas Law express?

The state of a gas relating pressure, volume, temperature, and moles of gas (PV = nRT).

What is the molar volume of an ideal gas at STP (0 °C and 1 atm)?

22.42 L.

What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state?

The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas.

What is the relationship between the average kinetic energy of gas particles and temperature?

The average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature.

What is Graham's Law regarding effusion?

The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

What is the Van der Waals equation?

An equation that modifies the ideal gas law to account for intermolecular forces and the volume occupied by gas particles.

What does the mole fraction represent?

The ratio of the number of moles of a component to the total number of moles in the mixture.

How can the pressure exerted by a gas be calculated with the Ideal Gas Law?

Using the equation P = nRT/V.

What does the Root Mean Square Velocity of gas particles indicate?

The average velocity of gas particles which depends on temperature and molar mass.