Computing Revision Notes

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key computing concepts and Python programming skills.

What are the core data types in Python?

int (whole numbers), float (decimals), str (text)

What function would you use to convert a string to an integer?

int()

How does a while loop work?

It repeats as long as a condition is true.

What is a for loop used for in Python?

It is used when you know exactly how many times you want to repeat something.

What is the output of the following code: for counter in range(10): print(counter)?

It outputs numbers from 0 to 9.

Why use lists in Python?

Lists store multiple values in a single structure, making code shorter and more manageable.

What syntax is used to create a list in Python?

Syntax: highscore = [125, 63, 35, 12]

How do you access the first item in a list called 'highscore'?

highscore[0], remembering that indexing starts at 0.

What method would you use to add an item to the end of a list?

.append() method.

What is a procedure in programming?

A set of instructions that performs a task.

What is a key reason to use procedures in Python?

To re-use code and avoid repeating it.

How do you define a procedure in Python?

Syntax: def procedure_name(): # your code here (must be indented)

What is the difference between a procedure and a function?

A function sends back a result, while a procedure does not.

What is the output of the following function call: printDouble(10) if defined as def printDouble(amount): print('Double', amount, 'is', amount * 2)?

Double 10 is 20.

What is the purpose of using parameters in procedures?

To provide extra information needed for the procedure's task.

What does the return statement do in a function?

It sends back a result to the caller.

What structure is used to organize data in databases?

Tables that store data in rows and columns.

What is a primary key in a database?

A unique identifier for each record.

What types of checks can be used for data validation in a database?

Range check, length check, presence check, type check, format check.

What is the purpose of a foreign key in a relational database?

To link tables with a common field.

What is a parameterized query?

A query where users can enter values at runtime.

What is meant by sorting data in a database context?

Arranging data in ascending or descending order based on specified fields.

What is an input form on websites used for?

To collect data from users.

What is DNS short for and what is its function?

Domain Name Server; it translates web addresses into IP addresses.

What does HTTP stand for?

HyperText Transfer Protocol.

Define packet switching. What does it do?

It directs data packets via the fastest route, which may not necessarily be the shortest.

What is the definition of bandwidth?

The amount of data that can be transmitted at a time.

What is a WAN?

Wide Area Network; covers large geographical areas.

What are the advantages of a client-server network?

Centralized data management, enhanced security, and easier updates.

How is a peer-to-peer network different from a client-server network?

It has no central server; each computer stores its own data.

What is cloud computing?

Storing data and applications on remote servers accessed via the internet.

Define encryption in computing. Why is it used?

Changing data so it can't be understood without a decryption key, to protect sensitive information.

What is a byte in terms of bits?

1 Byte = 8 Bits.

How does vector graphics work compared to bitmap graphics?

Vector graphics are based on geometric shapes, while bitmap graphics are made of pixels.

What is the main disadvantage of bitmap graphics?

Resizing causes pixelation and loss of quality.

What is a key characteristic of vector graphics?

They are scalable without losing quality.

What is DPI and why is it important?

Dots per inch; it measures the resolution of an image.

How does one create layers in graphic design?

By stacking elements in a design software for better organization and control.

What role do fonts play in graphic design?

Fonts help set the tone and style of a graphic.

Define RGB color model.

It represents colors using red, green, and blue light combinations.

What is the significance of white space in design?

Enhances readability and draws attention to key elements.

What is the term for negative space in design?

White space.

What does saturation refer to in image editing?

The intensity of color in an image.

What is the main advantage of using Adobe Color?

To help pick complementary color schemes.

What is a common bitmap file format?

.bmp, .jpg, .png, .gif

What does 'calculated field' mean in a database?

A field computed using data from other fields.

What does CSS stand for and how is it used?

Cascading Style Sheets; used for styling web pages.

Why is user experience (UX) important in websites?

A good UX ensures users find the site easy to navigate and visually appealing.

What is the purpose of input validation in web forms?

To ensure the data submitted is correct and secure.

What would you use a router for in networking?

To direct data efficiently among devices.

What is the difference between asynchronous and synchronous communication?

Asynchronous occurs with delays; synchronous happens in real-time.

What are two advantages of using a star topology in networks?

Fastest response time, and if one cable fails, only that device is affected.

What is the primary benefit of using a database?

Efficient data management and retrieval.

Define the term 'file sharing' in the context of networks.

The practice of distributing or providing access to digital media.

What is the purpose of security protocols in data transmission?

To protect data from unauthorized access during transmission.

What role does a switch play in a network?

It connects devices and reduces network traffic.

What does a primary key ensure in a database table?

Uniqueness for each record in the table.

What is a GUI?

Graphical User Interface; allows users to interact with electronic devices using graphical icons.

What is network latency?

The delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction.

How are codes used in data encryption?

They transform plaintext into ciphertext to secure information.

Define 'data integrity' in database management.

Accuracy and consistency of stored data.

What is an example of a cloud storage service?

Google Drive, Dropbox.

What is a digital footprint?

The trail of data you leave behind when using the internet.

What does SSL stand for and its significance?

Secure Socket Layer; provides a secure channel for communication.

What keyword is used to define a function in Python?

def.

Mention one disadvantage of using a LAN.

It can be more complex to set up compared to standalone connections.

What does a firewall do?

It protects networks from unauthorized access and threats.

What is the purpose of using comments in code?

To explain and clarify sections of the code for better understanding.

Why is it important to keep software updated?

To protect against security vulnerabilities and improve performance.

What is the ideal use of a method like 'search' in databases?

To find specific records based on criteria.