Med term

Osteoclast

Cells responsible for bone resorption, maintaining bone metabolism balance by cooperating with osteoblasts. Excessive activity leads to conditions like osteoporosis, periprosthetic osteolysis, and bone tumors.

Bone marrow

Spongy tissue inside bones like hip and thigh bones, where conditions like multiple myeloma and bone marrow failure (BMF) can occur.

Articular cartilage

Specialized connective tissue in synovial joints, providing a smooth surface for joint movement, commonly found in the knee.

DJD

Degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis, characterized by wear and tear, obesity, and joint malalignment, more prevalent in older individuals.

Autonomic nervous system

Condition where autonomic nerves are damaged, affecting heart, blood pressure, bladder, and digestion functions.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Chronic inflammatory disease affecting joints, leading to pain, swelling, and stiffness, with a higher risk of high blood pressure.

Bone depressions

Major depressive disorder as a risk factor for osteoporosis, increasing inflammation associated with osteoclast breakdown.

Flat, long, short bones

Different bone types like flat (skull, ribs), long (legs, arms), and short (tarsal, carpal bones) with specific shapes and functions.

Pelvis bones

Area between hip bones, prone to conditions like pelvic fractures and osteitis pubis.

Fascia

Connective tissue layer supporting organs, reducing friction, easing muscle tension, and holding body structures in place.

Porosis, trophy

Terms indicating bone density reduction and nutrition respectively.

Acetabulum

Part of the hip joint connecting the pelvis to the lower limb, forming a ball and socket joint with the femur.

Tubercle

Small rounded point on a bone.

Open and closed fractures

Open fractures have a wound near the broken bone, while closed fractures have intact skin.

Controlled vs

Controlled muscles are voluntary (skeletal), while non-controlled muscles are involuntary (regulated by the autonomic nervous system).

Pubic symphysis

Cartilaginous joint between pubic bones designed to withstand tension and compressive forces.

Straited vs

Straited muscles have a striped appearance and can contract independently, while visceral muscles are found inside organs and work involuntarily.

Ilium

Uppermost part of the hip bone, essential for the pelvic girdle.

SLE

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, an autoimmune disease causing inflammation and tissue damage in organs.

Tendon ligament

Tendon connects muscle to bone, while ligament connects bone to bone.

Callcellous bone

Spongy bone providing strength and support with minimal weight.

Compact bone

Dense bone forming the outer shell of most bones.

Pronation, supine

Pronation is the foot's side-to-side movement, while supine means lying on the back.

Coccyx

Tailbone supporting weight and balance when sitting.

Sacrum

Bone at the base of the spine supporting the body when sitting or standing.

Herniated disc

Condition where the inner portion of a spinal disc protrudes, causing pain from nerve compression.

Spondylosis

Age-related condition affecting neck joints and discs, causing lower back pain.

Tibia, fibula

Tibia is the shinbone connecting knee to ankle, while fibula is the calf bone.

Patella

Knee cap bone articulating with the femur.

Myositis

Muscle inflammation causing weakness, pain, and swelling.

Myelitis

Inflammation of the spinal cord affecting nerve messages.

Gout

Arthritis causing joint inflammation due to excess uric acid, often affecting the big toe.

Podagra

Gout manifestation with uric acid crystals settling in joints, particularly the foot.

Dorsiflexion

Foot movement upwards towards the shin.

Prefixes – move away, move towards

Ab- indicates moving away, ad- indicates moving towards.

Heel bone

Calcaneus, the largest bone in the foot supporting body weight.