key terms

Affordable Care Act

Created to address the rising cost of health care, shortage of healthcare providers, and lack of insurance available to many Americans.

Vision

Leads the future direction of a profession or organization, clarifies values, and focuses the mission.

Moral treatment

Based on the philosophy that all people, even the most challenged, are entitled to human compassion, consideration, and kindness.

Arts and crafts movement

A movement that opposed the production of items by machine because it alienated people from nature and their own creativity.

Benjamin Rush

The first physician to institute moral treatment practice.

Eleanor Clarke Slagle

Developed 'habit training' and is known as the mother of occupational therapy.

Dr. William Rush Dunton Jr.

Known as the father of occupational therapy.

Philippe Pinel

French physician who unchained and unshackled patients in institutions to allow them to engage in activities that would redirect their minds away from emotional distress.

George Edward Barton

Opened the Consolation House for convalescent patients in Clifton Springs.

Herbert Hall

Worked with invalid patients, providing medical supervision of crafts to improve their health and financial independence.

Habit training

A program developed to overcome disorganized habits, modify others, and construct new ones to restore and maintain health.

William Tuke

An English Quaker who established the York Retreat where moral treatment was implemented.

Adolf Meyer

A Swiss physician who formed the philosophical base of the occupational therapy profession.

Vision 2025

OTs vision which emphasizes accessibility, collaboration, effectiveness, leadership, equity, inclusion, and diversity.

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

Guarantees equal access to and opportunity in employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications for individuals with disabilities.

Dr. Gary Kielhofner

Developed the Model of Human Occupation.

Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

This act established the right of all children to a free and appropriate education, regardless of handicapping condition.

Medicare (PL 89.97)

Enacted in 1965, increased the demand for OT services.

Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988

Addresses the availability of assistive technology devices and services to individuals with disabilities.

IDEA

Requires school districts to educate students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment (LRE).

Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA)

Enacted to reduce Medicare spending and create incentives for the development of managed care plans.

Social Security Amendments

Signed by President Reagan, changed the way health-care dollars were dispersed.

Rehabilitation movement

Time period from 1942 to 1960; physical medicine and rehabilitation departments were created to serve veterans with physical disabilities.

Handicapped Infants and Toddlers Act

Passed in 1986, extended the provisions of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act to include children from 3 to 5 years of age.

Holistic

Each individual should be seen as a complete and unified whole, not as a series of parts or problems to be managed.

Susan Cox Johnson

Advocated for high educational standards and for the training of competent practitioners.

Thomas Kinder

Promoted the movement to hospitalize individuals with tuberculosis and designed hospitals for their treatment.

National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy

Organization formed in 1917 which created the formal 'birth' of OT.

Susan Tracy

Wrote 'Studies in Invalid Occupations', the first book about occupational therapy.

Deinstitutionalization plan

Resulted from neuroleptic drugs that led to the release of clients and the formation of mental health programs.

Prospective Payment System (PPS)

Created a nationwide schedule that delineated what the government would pay for each inpatient stay of a Medicare beneficiary.

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Established to provide equal opportunities for people with disabilities and prohibit discrimination in employment or academic programs.

Reconstruction aides

Served soldiers during the war and used arts and crafts to treat the mind and body.

Soldier's Rehabilitation Act

Established a vocational rehabilitation program for soldiers disabled on active duty.

American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)

Formerly known as the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy.

Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act

Provided federal funds to states on a matching basis to provide vocational rehabilitation services to civilians with physical disabilities.

Reductionistic

This view of medicine threatened OT's unique philosophy based on occupation and a holistic approach.

WWI

Reconstruction aides served soldiers during this war.

Social determinants of health

Describes the conditions, environments, and events that influenced the development of occupational therapy over time.