APUSH Chapter 13: Jacksonian Era: The Rise of a Mass Democracy

Seminole Indians

________ led by Osceola waged a guerilla war, but eventually Osceola was captured by American forces.

Jackson

________ tries to save the now failing economy by issuing Specie Circular, which says all land must be purchased with metallic money instead of paper notes → stopped the speculative boom that was caused by the influx of paper notes, but also led to the panic of 1837.

Compromise tariff

________ of 1833: created by Henry Clay (again.

1836

Texans declared their independence in ________, which leads Santa Anna to violently battle the rebels at the Alamno.

Democratic Republican

Jackson, a(n) ________, wins the Election of 1828, becoming the first President from the West (breaking the VA streak)

Election of 1836

________: Martin Van Buren, a Jacksonite, wins against the Whigs candidate William Henry Harrison, giving the old Jackson a chance to influence policy through Buren.

Andrew Jackson

________, the war hero from the West who condemned the corruption and privilege in govt, was popular but didn't win the majority electoral vote HOR has to choose top 3 candidates.

Nullification Crisis

________: South Carolina legislature declares the tariff null and void and threatens secession if the fed.

BUS

________ controlled most of the nation's money, but since it was private, it acted to the will of elite investors, not the people, Many thought the President of ________, Nicholas Biddle, had too much power in the nation's affairs.

Bank War

________: Congress is presented with a bill to renew the charter for the BUSJackson vetoes, showing his belief that the president's say is final and the ultimate power.

Spoils System

________: Jackson rewarded political supporters by giving them positions in public office.

Trail of Tears

________: trail that tribes walked to settle in other territory excruciating and fatal, it led to 4, 000 deaths.

South Carolina Exposition

The ________ (1828): secretly written by Jackson's VP John C Calhoun, it said the tariff was unconstitutional and that states should nullify it (tariff violated compact theory)

Background

candidates are James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford and Andrew Jackson

Spoils System

Jackson rewarded political supporters by giving them positions in public office

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

this was a bill that Jacksonites promoted in 1824 because they thought it would be defeated and make President JQA look bad

more anxiety after Denmark Vesey rebellion (1822)

free black who led a failed slave rebellion in Charlestown → Southerners worry about federal interference with the institution of slavery

The South Carolina Exposition (1828)

secretly written by Jackson's VP John C Calhoun, it said the tariff was unconstitutional and that states should nullify it (tariff violated compact theory)

Nullification Crisis

South Carolina legislature declares the tariff null and void and threatens secession if the fed

Compromise tariff of 1833

created by Henry Clay (again

Force Bill (1833)

allowed the President to use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties if necessary Jackson wants to show he may use force and won't alwavs back down

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

a Georgia legislature said the Cherokee tribal council was illegal and said they had jurisdiction over Indian lands and affairs

Indian Removal Act (1830)

forcefully removed 100,000 Indians (even the 5 Civilized tribes)

Jackson had some good intent

he knew westward expansion was inevitable so he wanted natives to preserve their culture elsewhere

Trail of Tears

trail that tribes walked to settle in other territory excruciating and fatal, it led to 4,000 deaths

Black Hawk War (1832)

some tribes resisted this eviction, as seen in this war, but were often brutally crushed

Bank War

Congress is presented with a bill to renew the charter for the BUSJackson vetoes, showing his belief that the president's say is final and the ultimate power

This meant there was now no central bank, so currency/ economy is disorganized

boom and bust cycle

Election of 1836

Martin Van Buren, a Jacksonite, wins against the Whigs candidate William Henry Harrison, giving the old Jackson a chance to influence policy through Buren