H.U.S.H. - The Great Depression (Module 9 & 10) | Quizlet

day stock market crashed

october 29th, 1929

what was the day the stock market crashed called?

"Black Tuesday"

paper profit

unrealized capital gain (or capital loss) in an investment.

- calculated by comparing the market price of a security to the original purchase price

- gains or losses only become realized when the security is SOLD

name 3 underlying causes of the great depression

1. speculation

2. Black Tuesday

3. overproduction (underconsumption)

4. effects of WWI

5. credit debt

sophisticated gambling, investing money you don't have

- buying stocks & bonds on the CHANCE of a quick profit; ignoring risks

speculation

overproduction

aka underconsumption by consumers

name 2 effects of WWI on US

1. women stopped working as men came back

2. unemployment skyrocketed

3. production boomed

hoboes

unhoused ppl traveling from town-town for jobs

shantytowns were aka what?

hoovervilles; towns w/ shelters that ppl made

made it illegal for homeless & jobless ppl to travel w/o a job or a home across cities & state lines

Vagrancy Laws

soup kitchens and government passed out bread, what were the lines that ppl waited in called

"breadlines"

- 9 young black men between the ages of 13 to 19 were accused of of raping two white women by the names of Victoria Price and Ruby Bates

- All of the young men were charged and convicted of rape by white juries, despite the weak and contradictory testimonies of the witnesses; no signs of assault and Bates admitted she lied

- 4 mistrials

the Scottsboro Boys

why did Ruby Bates lie about the Scottsboro Boys?

because her and Victoria Price were vagrants violating vagrancy laws; they did not want to go to jail

what were the 1930s called?

the "Dirty 30s"

nickname for the Great Plains regions hit by drought and dust storms in the early 1930s

- & intensive farming, specifically deep plowing of native prairie grasses, left soil exposed to high winds, causing massive dust storms, or "black blizzards," that stripped topsoil

The Dust Bowl

what were dust bowls aka?

"black blizzards"

photographer who photographed the people of the depression and depicted the true sorrow of the time

Dorothea Lange

what was Lange's most famous piece(s)?

"Migrant Mother"

what were newspapers aka during this time?

"Hoover blankets"

group of jobless World War I veterans who came to Washington to lobby Congress for immediate payment of money promised them in 1945; Hoover opposed payment

Bonus Army (1932)

what was the final straw of President Hoover's actions that angered the people?

he ordered federal troops led by General Douglas MacArthur to VIOLENTLY disperse the 43,000 demonstrators (veterans and families), aka the Bonus Army

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

1933-1945 (4 terms but died the first year of his last term)

- led Congress through the "Hundred Days"

- mobilized the US for entry into WWII

what is the 22nd amendment and who led it to be passed?

limits the presidency to two terms

- prompted by FDR's 4-term presidency

What disease did FDR contract?

he contracted polio and lost partial use of his legs

"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” Who said it?

FDR

The Hundred Days

the special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs, where he enacted many acts & created many administrations

First New Deal (FDR's 3 R's)

Established to serve the "three Rs"

1) RELIEF for the people out of work

2) RECOVERY for business and the economy as a whole

3) REFORM of American economic institutions

in 1933 how many ppl were unemployed

25%

what is mr regan's quote?

"Don't get paralysis by analysis!"

radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people to explain his initiatives

fireside chats

who was FDR's wife

Eleanor Roosevelt

what was the first African American trade union?

Brotherhood of the Sleeping Car Porters Union

who led the Brotherhood of the Sleeping Car Porters Union?

A. Philip Randolph (aka the father of the civil rights mvmt)

what did Eleanor Roosevelt do in relation to the Tuskegee Airmen?

she flew in the Tuskegee African American pilot's plane to show her public trust and endorsement of African American pilots!

what ended the Great Depression?

WWII did; NOT FDR's New Deal.

how did FDR act in regards to civil rights?

he "walked the fence"

Senator (blank) of the NAACP tried to get an anti-lynching bill passed with FDR's support, with which he denied.

Walter White

what did Eleanor Roosevelt famously say?

"No one can make you feel inferior without your consent."

who represented the U.S. at the United Nations and chaired the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Eleanor Roosevelt

who was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic?

Amelia Earhart

what did people also call Amelia Earhart?

"Lady Lindy", by her publicist, who married her and wanted to make money off of her publicity