digestive complete

Orange-colored or yellowish pigment in bile

bilirubin

mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed

bolus

Denotes a gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

exocrine

circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body

sphincter

mouth or/al (OR-a ̆l): pertaining to the mouth

-al: pertaining to

or/o

mouth stomat/itis (sto ̆-ma ̆-TI ̄-t ̆ıs): inflammation of the mouth

-itis: inflammation

stomat/o

tongue gloss/ectomy (glo ̆s-E ̆ K-to ̄-me ̄): removal of all or part of the tongue -ectomy: excision, removal

gloss/o

lingu/al (L ̆ING-gwa ̆l): pertaining to the tongue

-al: pertaining to

lingu/o

cheek bucc/al (BU ̆ K-a ̆l): pertaining to the cheek

bucc/o

lip cheil/o/plasty (KI ̄-lo ̄-pla ̆s-te ̄): surgical repair of a defective lip

- plasty: surgical repair

cheil/o

lip labi/al (LA ̄ -be ̄-a ̆l): pertaining to the lips, particularly the lips of the mouth

labi/o

teeth dent/ist (DE ̆ N-t ̆ıst): specialist who diagnoses and treats diseases and disor- ders of teeth

-ist: specialist

dent/o

teeth orth/odont/ist (or-tho ̄-DO ̆ N-t ̆ıst): dentist who specializes in correcting and preventing irregularities of abnormally positioned or aligned teeth

orth: straight

-ist: specialist

odont/o

gum(s) gingiv/ectomy (j ̆ın-j ̆ı-VE ̆ K-to ̄-me ̄): excision of diseased gingival tissue

gingiv/o

excision, removal

-ectomy

saliva, salivary sial/o/lith (s ̄ı-A ̆ L-o ̄-l ̆ıth): calculus formed in a salivary gland or duct gland

sial/o

stone, calculus

-lith

esophagus esophag/o/scope (e ̄-SO ̆ F-a ̆-go ̄-sko ̄p): instrument used to examine the esophagus

esophag/o

instrument for examining

scope

pharaynx (throat) pharyng/o/t o n s i l l / i t i s ( f a ̆ - r ̆ı n g - g o ̄ - t o ̆ n - s ̆ı - L I ̄ - t ̆ı s ) : i n f l a m m a t i on of the pharynx and tonsils

pharyng/o

tonsils

tonsill

inflammation

-itis

stomach gastr/algia (ga ̆s-TRA ̆ L-je ̄-a ̆): pain in the stomach; also called stomachache

gastr/o

pain

-algia

pylorus pylor/o/spasm (p ̄ı-LOR-o ̄-spa ̆zm): involuntary contraction of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach, as in pyloric stenosis

pylor/o

involuntary contraction, twitching

spasm

duodenum (first part of small intestine) duoden/o/scopy visual examination of the duodenum

duoden/o

visual examination

-scopy

intestine (usually small intestine) enter/o/ disease of the intestine

enter/o

suture

-rrhaphy

disease

-pathy

jejunum (second part of small intestine) suture of the jejunum

jejun/o

ileum (third part of small intestine) l e/o/stomy( ̆ ı l - e ̄ - O ̆ S - t o ̄ - m e ̄ ) : creation of an opening between the ileum and the abdominal wall

ile/o

Forming an opening (mouth)

-stomy

appendix append/ectomy (a ̆p-e ̆n-DE ̆ K-to ̄-me ̄): excision of the appendix

append/o

excision, removal

-ectomy

appendix appendic/itis (a ̆-pe ̆n-d ̆ı-SI ̄-t ̆ıs): inflammation of the appendix

appendic/o

colon col/o/stomy (ko ̄-LO ̆ S-to ̄-me ̄): creation of an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall

col/o

colon colon/o/scopy (ko ̄-lo ̆n-O ̆ S-ko ̄-pe ̄): visual examination of the colon

colon/o

sigmoid colon sigmoid/o/tomy (s ̆ıg-moyd-O ̆ T-o ̄-me ̄): incision of the sigmoid colon

sigmoid/o

incision

-tomy

rectum rect/o/cele (RE ̆K-to ̆-se ̄l): herniation or protrusion of the rectum; also called proctocele

rect/o

hernia, swelling

-cele

anus, rectum proct/o/logist( p r o ̆ k - T O ̆ L - o ̄ -jıst ) : physician who specializes in treating disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

proct/o

specialist in the study of

-logist

anus peri/an/al (pe ̆r-e ̄-A ̄ -na ̆l): pertaining to the area around the anus peri-: around

an/o

pertaining to

-al

liver hepat/o/megaly (he ̆p-a ̆-to ̄-ME ̆ G-a ̆-le ̄): enlargement of the liver

hepat/o

enlargment

-megaly

pancreas pancreat /o/lysis (pa ̆n-kre - a ̆ - T O ̆ L - ̆ ı - s ̆ ı s ) : destruction of the pancreas by pancreatic enzymes

pancreat/o

separation; destruction; loosening

-lysis

bile vessel cholangi/ole (ko ̄-LA ̆ N-je ̄-o ̄l): small terminal portion of the bile duct

cholangi/o

small, minute

-ole

bile, gall chol/e/lith (KO ̄ -le ̄-l ̆ıth): gallstone

chol/e

calculus, stone

-lith

gallbladder cholecyst/ectomy (ko ̄-le ̄-s ̆ıs-TE ̆ K-to ̄-me ̄): removal of the gallbladder

cholecyst/o

surgical repair

-plasty

bile duct choledoch/o/plasty (ko ̄-LE ̆ D-o ̄-ko ̄-pla ̆s-te ̄): surgical repair of the common

choledoch/o

vomit hyper/emesis ( h ̄ ı - p e ̆ r - E ̆ M - e ̆ - s ̆ ı s ) : excessive vomiting

-emesis

excessive, above normal

-hyper

abnormal condition (produce by something specified) chol/e/lith/iasis (ko ̄-le ̄-l ̆ı-THI ̄-a ̆-s ̆ıs): presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

-iasis

stone, calculus

lith

enlargement hepat/o/megaly (he ̆p-a ̆-to ̄-ME ̆ G-a ̆-le ̄): enlargement of the liver

-megaly

liver

hepat/o

appetite an/orexia (a ̆n-o ̄-RE ̆ K-se ̄-a ̆): loss of appetite

-orexia

digestion dys/pepsia (d ̆ıs-PE ̆ P-se ̄-a ̆): epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion

-pepsia

bad; painful; difficult

-dys

swallowing, eating aer/o/phagia (e ̆r-o ̄-FA ̄ -je ̄-a ̆): swallowing air

-phagia

air

aer/o

meal post/prandial (po ̄st-PRA ̆ N-de ̄-a ̆l): following a meal

-pandrial

after, behind

-post

discharge, flow

-rrhea

steat/o/rrhea( ste ̄ - a ̆ - to ̄ - RE ̄ -a ̆ ) : excissive amount of fat discharged in fecal matter

-rrhea

through, across

-dia

dia /rrhea ( d ̄ı - a ̆ - R E ̄- a ̆ ) : abnormally frequent discharge or flow of fluid fecal matter from the bowel

-dia

around

-peri

peri/sigmoid/itis (pe ̆r- ̆ı-s ̆ıg-moy-DI ̄-t ̆ıs): inflammation of peritoneal tissue around the sigmoid colon

-peri

imflammation

-itis

under, below sub/lingu/al (su ̆b-L ̆ING-gwa ̆l): pertaining to the area under the tongue

-sub

tounge

-lingu

appetite

-orexia

Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

anorexia

Inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection

appendicitis

appendix

-appendic

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

-ascites

Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

-borborygmus

Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer.

-cachexia

Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

-cholelithiasis

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

-iasis

Scarring and dysfunction of the liver cause by chronic liver disease

cirrhosis

Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accom- panied by pain

colic

Chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis

Crohn disease

Act of swallowing

deglution