Speech and Hearing sciences test 2

Afferent

bringing sensory information to the brain

Efferent

sending motor commands out from brain

Mixed

some afferent nerves some efferent nerves bundled together

interneurons

within the nervous system

Affernet nerves - teleceptors

sensory information from distant enviroment -eye - ear

Afferent nerves - propicoceptors:

position of body in space -inner ear - muscles - tendons

Afferent nerves - chemoreceptors

smell and tatse and tongue and nose

afferent nerves - mechanoreceptors

pressure/deformation tissue and inner ear

synapse

presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, postsynaptic neuron

Neurons rest at what?

negative and salty banana ( more sodium outside and k inside)

Electrical synapse

faster and direct connection of cytoplasms

Left hemisphere is for

language and brocas area for speech production but also some in right hemisphere

broca area

speech production

frontal lobe

motor strip and pre central gyrus

White matter

has axon covered in milon

Blood barrier

keeps brain protected and is a group of cells that protect our neurons

Astrocytes

take glucose from blood and deliever it to neurons

computed tomography CT

is quick, x rays, slient, deals with hard tissues, broken bones, blood circulation

Magnetic resonance imaging MRI

Large magnet and radio that creats an image, super loud spins, soft tissues, brain imaging

Dysarthia

muscle weakness and impaired speech production due to motoric disablility

Apraxia

no motor planning, impaired speech production

Aphasia

Impaired speech and language from brain damage

Respiration

gas exchange between an organism and it’s enviroment - speech requires airstream

the lungs themselves

are not a muscle they have to be pulled by other muscles

Speaking breathing

10% in and 90% out

Life breathing

40% in and 60% out

resting lung volume

is 38% in and 40% out

Pleura

3 layers, linked to lungs and negative pressure hold it together.

cranial nerves come out from what

come out from the brain

boyle law

• More pressure = less space

• Less pressure = more space

air intake from what part of body at rest

nose

air intake from what part of body when speaking

mouth

Lung volume vital capacity rest

10% vc

Lung capacity speaking vital capacity

25% vc

Expiratory muscle activity rest

passive relax diagram

Expiratory muscle activity speaking

active make longer when speaking