Circulatory System

tricuspid valve

between right atrium and right ventricle

valve

keeps blood flowing in the right direction

mitral valve

between left atrium and left ventricle

atrium

smaller, upper chamber of the heart

ventricle

larger lower chamber of the heart

aorta

largest artery of the body

vena cava

largest vein of the body

aortic valve

between left ventricle and aorta

pulmonary valve

between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

pulmonary artery

divides into left and right, contains oxygen-poor blood, carries blood away from the heart and to the lungs

pulmonary vein

carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart, there are 4 pulmonary veins which empty into the left atrium

oxygen

carried by the hemoglobin of the red blood cells (erythrocytes), necessary for life

carbon dioxide

end-product/waste product of utilization of oxygen

myocardium

muscle layer of the heart, thickest layer

endocardium

thin, innermost layer of the heart, slippery

pericardium

two-layer, sac-like outer covering of the heart, protective, fiborous

sinoatrial node

pacemaker of the heart

atrioventricular node

located between the atrium and the ventrical

arrhythmia

absent or irregular heart rhythm

artery

carry blood away from the heart, have a pulse

veins

carry blood to the heart, have valves

capillaries

have thin walls--only one-cell thick, site of the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

erythrocyte

red blood cell, contains hemoglobin which carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide

leukocytes

white blood cells--fight infection

thrombocytes

also known as platelets, important for blood clotting

anemia

inadequate number of RBC's

aneurysm

ballooning out or sac-like formation of an artery wall, can lead to hemorrhage

arteriosclerosis

hardening or thickening of arterial walls

atherosclerosis

fatty plaques deposited on walls of the arteries

CHF

congestive heart failure, heart muscle does not beat adequately to meet the blood supply demands of the body

hemophilia

inherited disease, results in the formation of inadequate blood clotting, effects primarily male individuals

hypertension

high blood pressure

hypotension

low blood pressure

leukemia

cancer of the bone marrow, abnormal and ineffective WBC's

MI

myocardial infarction, heart attack, blockage in the coronary arteries cuts off blood supply to the heart muscle

phlebitis

inflammation of a vein

AED

automated external defibrillator

ventricular fibrillation

life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia, requires defibrillation (AED)

angioplasty

repair of a blood vessel, treatment for atherosclerosis

antihypertensive

medication used to treat hypertension

diuretic

medication used to treat CHF

systole

top number of B/P, the heart at maximum work--contracting

diastole

bottom number of the B/P, the heart at rest and the chambers filling with blood

fatigue, pale, dyspnea, increased heart rate

symptoms of anemia

septum

divides the heart into a right and left half

plasma

the liquid part of blood

pericardial fluid

lubricant between the layers of the pericardium

anticoagulant

clot dissolving drug

Cataracts

clouding of the lens

Glaucoma

a group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure, loss of peripheral vision

Myopia

nearsightedness

otitis media

middle ear infection

otosclerosis

ankylosis (hardening) of the bones of the middle ear resulting in a conductive hearing loss

fibrinogen and thrombin

blood clotting proteins