social studies midterm

geography in new england

Short growing season, harsh weather

geography in middle colonies

long growing season, large variety of crops, fertile farmland - exports large amount of crops

geography of southern colonies

warm weather, long growing season → good for cotton, indigo, and rice

economy in new england

ship building, shipping, fishing, forestry

economy in middle colonies

agriculture, skilled trading, shipping

economy in southern colonies

agriculture and plantations

purpose of new england

avoid religious persecution

purpose of middle colonies

economic gain

purpose of southern colonies

mostly religious

slavery in new england

very little

slavery in middle colonies

different colonies felt strongly towards or against slavery (Pennsylvania/Quakers = no slaves)

Slavery in southern colonies

all colonies had slaves

religions in new england

mostly protestant

religions in middle colonies

diverse

religions in southern colonies

catholic, protestant, diverse (georgia didn’t allow catholics)

purpose of jamestown

tried to fix mistake of roanoke with a new chartered land

why/how did jamestown succeed

captain john smith ruled strictly in colony, made allies with native americans through pocahontas, exported tobacco for their economy to grow

who were pilgrims

Religious people who traveled long distances to find a place where they could live and worship as they wanted

purpose of plymouth/pilgrims

left england for religious freedom

why was plymouth special

unchartered land → harsh storm blew boat off course, colonists had to survive brutal winter

what did the puritans make

massachusetts bay colony

beliefs of puritans

wanted to purify the church of England - physically distracted from faith (unnecessarily fancy) and too similar to the catholic church

advantages of puritans

large numbers, wealthy, well educated, led by Jon Winthrop

government of puritans

republic body = general court, voting rights expanded over time, no separation of church and state

What was bacons rebellion

Armed rebellion against the Virginia government and war against Native Americans

what is mercantalism

idea that a country’s well-being depends on how well it controls its trade - colonies should benefit the home country

trade = wealth = power

what were the navigation acts

english laws governing trade - regulated trade for colonies so they could only trade with english ships and merchants

who was john locke

english philosopher - wrote the enlightenment - believed that people gain knowledge by observing and experimenting with the world

in the enlightenment, what was the natural rights section

life, liberty, and property

in the enlightenment, what was the social contract section

People give up a little bit of their freedom to the government for their, and other’s, freedom

in the enlightenment, what was the right of revolution section

if the government doesn’t protect the people, the people can remove the government

why did parliament pass the proclamation of 1763

to deal with native americans after pontiacs war

timeline of acts

proclamation, sugar, 1st quartering, stamp, declaratory, townshend, tea, intolerable

what was the sugar act

tax on sugar and molasses - britain lowered an old tax on sugar with this act

reaction to sugar act

merchants smuggled sugar

what was the quartering act

allowed british troops to use colonist property to set up camps

how did colonists react to quartering act

felt they weren’t being represented by the parliament

what did the stamp act tax

newspapers, legal documents, almanacs, playing cards, and dice - stamped for proof of purchase

what did stamp act lead to

stamp act congress

what happened at stamp act congress

9/13 colonies sent delegates to NYC to boycott british goods, and sent request to parliament to repeal stamp act

what was the declaratory act

repeal of stamp act and all taxes except tea - parliament wanted to convey that they had complete control over colonists

what was taxed with townshend act

glass, paper, paint, lead, tea, and officials from england came to stop smuggling

how did colonists react to townshend acts

taxes were low but they still refused

what was the tea act

allowed british east india company to sell tea directly to colonists and cut out the english merchants (angered merchants) - tea was cheaper

what did the tea act lead to

colonists still didn’t buy cheaper tea, boston tea party occured

who led the boston tea party

sam adams

what were the four parts to the intolerable acts

foreigners could be tried in different courts (not fair trials), ports of boston were closed until a formal apology, royal governor could ban town meetings, 2nd quartering act (colonists had to provide for the british soldiers on their property)

what happened at the albany congress

7/13 colonies sent delegates to cement alliance with iroquois and plan a colonial defense

what was the albany plan of union

plan made by delegates to have 1 government for all of the colonies

why did the plan of union fail

none of the colonies actually wanted to join in one gov

what does join or die mean

if colonies didn’t unite under one government they had less of a chance of winning the war

what happened at 1st continental congress

12/13 colonies met in pa and agreed to support boycott against britain, demand repeal of intolerable acts, urged colonies to have their own militia

what happened at 2nd continental congress

delegates from all colonies met, all wanted to keep peace (no war), wrote olive branch petition, agreed to set up a continental army instead of local militias

what was said in the olive branch petition

pledged loyalty to the king but demanded a repeal of intolerable acts

what did thomas paine write

common sense and crisis

what was said in common sense

having a king is illogical, king george has been a “royal brute”, makes no sense to be ruled by a country so far away, the patriots could win

why was jefferson chosen to write the declaration

well liked, from virginia, good writer

what were the sections of the declaration

preamble, natural rights/purpose of government, grievances, declaration

what influenced declaration

john locke’s “the enlightenment” influenced the natural rights section

aspect of slavery in declaration

slavery was a controversial topic in america at the time so it was not included - shows that declaration was a work of compromise

what is a constitution

legal document setting forth the organization, processes, and rules of a gov.

why are constitutions written

limits power of government, protects rights of citizens

what is the bill of rights

list of rights the government promises to protect

what were the articles of confederation

1st constitution of the usa

why did continental congress choose to govern in this style

gave states representation, gov didn’t have executive or judiciary

failures of AoC

weak central government with limited powers, no power to implement tax, 9/13 had to vote yes for law to pass, all states had to vote yes for change in gov

what was shays rebellion

Uprising of MA farmers seeking to stop courts from ordering seizure of land for banks

shays rebellion connection to Aoc

many americans saw shays rebellion as a sign that AoC wasn’t working → new foundation of gov had to be made

king phillips war

uprising of wampanoag and native american tribes against settlers

who was metacom and what were his beliefs

metacom was the chief of wampanoag, or king philip in england, and he decided that he wouldn’t live to see the day that the english took over his lands

what were native american successes during king phillips war

they destroyed 12 towns and killed more than 600 european settlers

what happened after metacom was killed

sold metacom’s family, forced 1000 native americans into slavery, and many native americans were forced out of their homelands