Population Dynamics Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about population dynamics, distribution, and factors affecting population size.

What does population dynamics study?

How and why population changes in size and structure over time.

Which continent had the largest share of the global population in 2021?

Asia, with approximately 59.33% of the global population.

What are the key factors that affect population size?

Birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration.

How is fertility rate typically measured?

By the number of children per one woman of childbearing age.

What is the definition of population density?

The total number of people in a country in relation to its land area.

What are some characteristics of densely populated regions?

Favorable climate, opportunities for economic activities, industrialized and commercially advanced areas.

What are some characteristics of sparsely populated regions?

Harsh climatic conditions, extremes of temperature, rugged topography.

What does overpopulation mean?

Too great a population for a given region to support, leading to environmental deterioration and impaired quality of life.

What factors are considered in an overpopulation index?

Total population, land area, food production, water resources, and total area under cultivation.

What are some causes of overpopulation?

Decline in the death rate, better medical facilities, technological advancement in fertility treatment.

What are some problems associated with overpopulation?

Rapid population growth, unemployment, poor housing and health conditions.

What are some impacts of overpopulation?

Depletion of natural resources, environmental hazards, unemployment and poverty, health and sanitation issues, imbalance in trade.

What is the definition of underpopulation?

When the population of a country is too small and therefore, the people are unable to fully utilize the available resources of the country.

What are some causes of underpopulation?

Low fertility rate, emigration, disease, and famine.

What are some problems associated with underpopulation?

Uneven distribution of population, remoteness, under-utilization of resources, slow growth of industry, climatic problems.

What are some impacts of underpopulation?

Unstable economy, labor shortage, decrease in pollution.

What physical factors affect population distribution?

Climate, topography or landforms, soil, and water availability.

What socio-economic factors influence population distribution?

Economic factors (agricultural and industrial progress), cultural, social, and political factors.

What does population composition include?

Factors such as sex, health, literacy level, health condition, occupation and income level; often represented in an age-sex pyramid.

What are the main groups in population composition?

Young dependents (aged below 15 years), elderly dependents (aged above 65 years), and the working population (between 15 and 65 years).

What does a population pyramid illustrate?

The age and sex structure of a country's population, providing insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development.

What are the three main pyramid shapes?

Youthful population, an ageing population and an aged population pyramid.

What information does the population pyramid provide?

About the number of dependents in the country (young and elderly) and the working age group who are economically active.

What is sex ratio?

The number of females per 1000 males in a given population; an important social indicator of equity between males and females.

What are the differences between rural and urban areas?

Rural areas involve primary activities like agriculture, while urban areas involve non-primary activities like trade, manufacturing, banking and transport.