AP Euro chapter 16

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24 Terms

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Scientific Revolution

A period (1500ā€“1700) called the 'Age of Genius,' where new ideas and discoveries in science changed the way people understood the universe and nature.

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Heliocentric Model

The idea, proposed by Copernicus, that the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun.

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Geocentric Model

The belief, based on Aristotleā€™s ideas, that Earth is the center of the universe and everything moves around it.

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Law of Inertia

Galileoā€™s idea that an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an outside force.

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Keplerā€™s Laws of Planetary Motion

Mathematical rules developed by Johannes Kepler that explain the elliptical orbits of planets around the Sun.

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Experimental Method

Galileoā€™s approach to learning through experiments and observation rather than relying on established beliefs.

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Universal Gravitation

Newtonā€™s concept that every object in the universe attracts every other object, which explains planetary motion.

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Empiricism

The idea, promoted by Francis Bacon, that knowledge comes from observation and experimentation.

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Cartesian Dualism

Descartesā€™s belief that the mind and body are separate entities, emphasizing reason over sensory experience.

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Enlightenment

A cultural and intellectual movement (1690ā€“1789) focused on reason, science, and progress to improve society.

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Skepticism

The idea, promoted by thinkers like Pierre Bayle, that humans cannot know anything for sure.

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Deism

The belief that God created the universe but does not interfere with it, like a watchmaker who builds a clock and lets it run.

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Natural Rights

John Lockeā€™s idea that all people are born with basic rights, like life, liberty, and property.

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Tabula Rasa

Lockeā€™s theory that people are born as blank slates, and their experiences shape who they become.

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Separation of Powers

Montesquieuā€™s idea that government power should be divided into branches to prevent any one group from having too much control.

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General Will

Rousseauā€™s concept that society should prioritize the collective interests of all its members.

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Philosophes

Enlightenment thinkers who promoted science, reason, and freedom to improve society.

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Salon

A gathering, often hosted by wealthy women, where intellectuals discussed ideas about science, philosophy, and society.

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Rationalism

The belief that reason and logic are the primary sources of knowledge.

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Scientific Racism

A false belief developed during the Enlightenment that classified humans into hierarchical races based on physical traits.

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Social Contract

Rousseauā€™s idea that people agree to form a government that reflects the collective will of society.

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Rococo

A decorative art style with pastel colors and ornate details, popular among elites in the 18th century.

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Enlightened Absolutism

A type of monarchy where rulers embraced Enlightenment ideas like reform and progress while maintaining their authority.

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Printing Revolution

The spread of ideas made faster and cheaper by the invention of the printing press, which helped circulate knowledge across Europe.