US/NC History - Unit 3 Study Guide

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

New England Colonies

The northern colonies

Elder

A leader in colonial New England

Profit

The money left over after paying the cost of doing business

Triangular Trade

Trade routes among the West Indies, Africa, and Europe

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

Middle Colonies

The colonies between New England and the Southern Colonies

Quaker

A member of the religious sect known as the Society of Friends, believed that all people should be equal.

Surplus

An amount over what is needed

Southern Colonies

The southernmost of the 13 colonies

Southern Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Plantation

A larger farm in which crops are grown for sale and on which the people who raise the crops live.

Middle Passage

The journey across the Atlantic endured by captured Africans on their way to slavery in the Americas

King James I

Granted a charter to the Virginia Company to settle and civilize America, wanted to prevent Spanish advancements in the New World & find a Northern passage to Asia.

Virginia Company

Joint stock company, group of wealthy investors as shareholders, planned to establish in America for profit.

Reasons people went to Jamestown

Economic opportunities, *gold and minerals*

Arrival date of Jamestown

April 1607

Reasons for picking Jamestown Island

Far enough inland to hide from Spanish, deep water to anchor ships, swamp and river offer protection from natives.

Pocahontas

Chief Powhatan's daughter, married John Rolfe *Jamestown Colony*

The Starving Time *Jamestown Colony*

Disease from infected rivers, hunger from not plating crops, attacks by local Native Americans

John Smith

Took leadership of colony, "He that will not work, shall not eat." *Jamestown Colony*

John Rolfe

Married Pocahontas- brought peace to English and Native Americans, created a smoother breed of tobacco *Jamestown Colony*

Cash Crop

A crop produced for money

Tobacco

Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown

The House of Burgesses

Established in 1619, allowed colonists to make their own law, first representative government in America

England's First Colonies

Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay

Plymouth Date/Location

1620, Cape Cod Massachusetts

Plymouth Founders

Separatists from England

Reasons for Settlement - Plymouth

*Religious Freedom*

Obstacles to Settlement - Plymouth

Starvation, disease, weather

Mayflower Compact

A legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good, *Plymouth Colony*

Massachusetts Bay Date/Location

1630, Boston, Massachusetts

Massachusetts Bay Founders

Wealthy puritans from England

Reasons for Settlement - Massachusetts Bay

Religious freedom

Obstacles to Settlement - Massachusetts Bay

Disease, no clean water

John Winthrop

City upon a hill, became governor of Massachusetts Bay colony *Massachusetts Bay*

Type of Government - Massachusetts Bay

Congregations were formed, representatives served in general court

The Pilgrams

Strict religious separatists- first leave England for Holland

New England Geography

Thin and rocky soil- not great for farming, short growing season and cold winters, mountainous inland

First Thanksgiving

1621, A Wampanoag taught pilgrims to fish and grow corn, Pilgrims and natives held it

New England Colonies

"covenant community", Athenian style *direct democracy* in town meetings- each man can vote as long as they are religious, laid foundation of majority rule in America

Roger Williams

Banished for giving his opinions in church, founds Rhode Island *New England Colonies*

Anne Hutchinson

Banished for holding bible meetings, moves to Rhode Island *New England Colonies*

King Philip's War

Conflict with natives over land ownership, Wampanoag chief Metacom (also known as King Philip, hence the name) unites tribes against colonists, war kills 7/8 natives and 6/13 whites, colonists eventually win after Metacom's death *New England Colonies*

Salem Witch Trials

Several young Puritan girls seem bewitched, 100+ people (mainly women) are arrested and trials for witchcraft, 20 are executed (mostly by hanging) *New England Colonies*

Reasons for Witch Stereotypes

Fear of independent women, challenges to Puritan authority, and rigid structured society *New England Colonies*

Growth of New England Colonies

Economy grows based on shipbuilding, fishing, & trade, Colonies spread to the Connecticut River & New Hampshire

New York

Originally part of New Netherlands

New Jersey

Dutch and Swedish boh had claims, Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret granted lands.

Delaware

Dutch and Swedish both had claims, was part of Pennsylvania till 1703

Pennsylvania

King Charles II owed money to William Penn's dead father. In return, Penn received land for English Quakers.

William Penn

Founder of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia, signed a peace treaty with Lenape Indians, *Supported democracy and religious freedom across his colony*

Middle Colonies Geography

Rich soil, mild climate, good for farmland.

Middle Colonies Farming

Grain becomes a *cash crop*, known as the *bread basket*

Port Cities of Middle Colonies

Farmers transport crops along rivers like Hudson and Delaware. Goods exported through ports in Philadelphia and NYC

Growth of Middle Colonies

Philadelphia and New York were the 2 largest cities. Manufacturing centers and trade.

Diversity of Middle Colonies

Great diversity of language, culture, customs, and beliefs. No dominant religion. Settlers from Germany, Sweden, Frane, Scotland, and Netherlands.

Politics of Middle Colonies

"Proprietary colonies" owned by single individuals appointed by King. Representative assemblies from colonists.

Frontier - Middle Colonies

Appalachian Mountains, settled by Scots-Irish and Germans, both resistant to English authority, independent spirit

The Southern Colonies - Before Settlement

King James I grants a charter for 2 branches of VA CO of London- Plymouth and London Company.

Motives for Settling - Southern Colonies

*Gold, passage to Asia, Converting Indians to Christianity*

Jamestown Colony *Southern Colony*

Peninsula on the James RIver for defense, ridden with malaria, initial poor leadership, John Smith comes and eventually provides effective leadership, John Rolfe invents smoother tobacco

Province of Maryland *Southern Colony*

Founder - Lord Baltimore, representative government (like Virginia)

Province of Carolina *Southern Colony*

Representative assembly, largely Protestant, settled by some French Huguenots (French Protestants), also settled by some West Indian planters (brought slavery to the Southern Colonies), cash crop economy

Province of Georgia *Southern Colony*

Criminal colony, created as a buffer between British and Spanish Florida, debto's colony (criminals and convicts from England)

Life in the Southern Colonies

Malaria and yellow fever- life expectancy low, difficult to start families and settlements, tobacco economy

Headright System *Southern Colonies*

Used to encourage importation of workers, land grants from 50 acres to 1000 acres for the head of a family

Bacon's Rebellion *Southern Colonies*

More freemen (previous indentured servants) in the Chesapeake- angry due to lack of good land and Indian attacks on frontier, Nathaniel Bacon and freemen burned down Jamestown, caused landowners to distrust indentured servants and increased slaves.

Slave Trade *Southern Colonies*

The Royal African Company lost its monopoly charter- colonists rushed to cash in on the slave trade which produced lots of money, "slave codes" were drawn up by colonial governments to better distinguish servants and slaves.

Colonial Slavery *Southern Colonies*

First enslaved Africans brought to Jamestown in 1619, 10 million Africans enslaved over the course of 3 centuries, slaves were too expensive for poor colonists, rising wages in England shrank the number of servants coming

Reasons for French and Indian War

Both the British and French wanted territory, resources, and trade routes- specifically wanted to extend their colonies into land west of the Appalachian Mountains

Join or Die

Propaganda that symbolizes that unless the colonies join, they will not survive and lose to the French.

Puritans

Those who wanted "purify" or simplify the Church of England

Indentured Servant

Poor Englishmen who agree to work for a number of years in return for their passage

Great Awakening

Religious Revival during the 1730's to 1740's

Jonathan Edwards *Middle Colonies*

Wrote many books, pamphlets, and sermons which helped start the Great Awakening.

Reasons for Triangular Fort in Jamestown

Triangles were easier to defend.

Proclamation of 1763

States that settlers cannot move past the Appalachian Mountains

NC's First Capital

New Bern, also where the Tyron Palace was built

William Tryon *Southern Colonies, NC)

7th royal governor of NC, many residents disliked him because he used tax money to build an expensive government building.

Regulators *Southern Colonies, NC)

An opposition group against British taxtation

Reasons Why People Migrated to NC

They wanted uncrowded and cheap/free land

Reasons Why New England Colonists Came to the New World

Religious freedom

Middle Colony Settlers

German, Irish, and English people who wanted to make money

Colony

A settlement of people living in a new territory that is controlled by the home country

Stono Rebellion

a 1739 uprising of enslaved people in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh enslavement laws

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut and Thomas Hooker

This document created the idea for the election of representatives and who created it