part 6

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21 Terms

1
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Who was the key leader in the transition of the Ottoman Empire to Turkey?

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

2
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What was Atatürk's goal for the Turkish government?

To transform it into a secular (non-religious) state.

3
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What major reform did Atatürk implement regarding women?

Made women politically equal to men.

4
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What change did Atatürk make to the Turkish alphabet?

Replaced the Arabic alphabet with a new Turkish alphabet using Latin letters.

5
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What was the outcome of Atatürk's reforms?

Successful modernization of the Turkish state in the early 20th Century.

6
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When did the Iranian Revolution occur?

1979.

7
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What initial modernization happened in Iran under the Shah?

Iran was modernized and Westernized.

8
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Why did many Iranians resist the Shah's rule?

They viewed him as corrupt and a puppet of the United States.

9
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Who established the theocracy in Iran after the revolution?

Ayatollah Khomeini.

10
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What are the key groups involved in the Arab-Israeli Conflict?

Arabs/Palestinians and Israelis/Jews.

11
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What historical event occurred in 1948 relevant to the Arab-Israeli conflict?

Establishment of Israel.

12
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What was the result of the Initial War in 1948?

Israel gained more land.

13
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What significant war occurred in 1967 in relation to Israel?

Six-Day War, during which Israel significantly increased its territory.

14
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What peace efforts were made in the late 1970s regarding the conflict?

Camp David Accords.

15
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What organization represents Palestinian resistance?

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO).

16
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What significant event highlighted human rights issues in 1994?

Rwandan Genocide.

17
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What was the context of the Rwandan Genocide?

Ethnic conflict between Tutsis and Hutus.

18
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How many deaths resulted from the Rwandan Genocide?

Approximately one million deaths.

19
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What is a major criticism of the UN regarding the Rwandan Genocide?

Inadequate intervention.

20
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What document was adopted by the UN in 1948 to address human rights?

UN Declaration of Human Rights.

21
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What ongoing situation was noted as of 2023 in regard to the Arab-Israeli conflict?

Ongoing conflict with complex territorial disputes.