Sports Medicine

Acute Injury

Sudden trauma (ACL tear, shoulder dislocation).

Warm-Up

Gradual physical activity to increase blood flow and prepare muscles for exercise.

Cool-Down

Light exercise and stretching after activity to reduce soreness and stiffness.

What body part is injured? ACL Tear

Strong ligament in the center of the knee (connects the femur and tibia)

What body part is injured? MCL Tear

Knee joint (medial inner ligament)

What body part is injured? Achilles Tendon Tear

Calf muscle tear

Back of the lower leg

What body part is injured? Shin Splints

Inner part of the shin bone (tibia)

Muscles and tissues in the lower leg

What body part is injured? Shoulder Dislocation

Shoulder joint (where the humerus fits into the scapula)

What body part is injured? Rotator Cuff Injury

Shoulder

Mechanism of Injury? ACL

Sudden stops or twists

Sudden change in direction

Mechanism of Injury? MCL

Direct hit to the outer knee or twisting injury

Football, hockey

Mechanism of Injury? Shin Splints

Overuse from running or jumping

Repetitive stress on the lower leg

Not allowing recovery time

Mechanism of Injury? Shoulder Dislocation

Fall or direct hit to the shoulder

Arm forced backwards or rotated too far

Mechanism of Injury? Rotator Cuff injury

Overuse or repetitive overhead movements

Fall or sudden force

Mechanism of Injury?  Achilles Tendon Tear

Sudden forceful push-off or jump

Occurs in sports requiring sprinting or jumping

Common Sports for ACL Tear?

Basketball

Football

Lax

Soccer

Symptoms of ACL Tear

Pop or sensation in the knee

Severe Pain in the knee

Rapid Swelling

Loss of range of motion

Symptoms of MCL Tear

Pain and tenderness

Swelling around the ligament

Instability of the knee

Symptoms of Achilles Tendon Tear

Sudden sharp pain

Popping or snapping sound

Difficulty walking or standing

Symptoms of Shin Splints

Aching pain

Tenderness or mild swelling

Pain worsens throughout the day

Constant Discomfort

Symptoms of Shoulder Dislocation

Severe pain and visible deformity

Swelling or numbness

Inability to move the arm

Symptoms of Rotator Cuff Injury

Sharp pains

Weakness when lifting things

Limited range of motion

Prevention for ACL Tear

Warm-ups: increase blood flow

Strengthening and Balance: strengthen the muscle, improve balance, and coordination

Taping or Bracing: knee stability and control

Footwear and Environment

Education and Rest: R.I.C.E. (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

Prevention for MCL Tear

Stretches: focus on the quads/hamstrings

Avoid sudden twists

Prevention for Achilles Tendon Tear

Stretching: stretches that focus on the calf and ankle

Taping and Bracing: helps relieve pain

Footwear and Environment

Education and Rest

Prevention for Shin Splints

Warm-ups: targeting calves

Strengthening and Balance: Weight Training

Taping and bracing: supports the muscles and reduce strain. This helps improve circulation and decrease pain.

Footwear and Environment

Prevention for Shoulder Dislocation

Stretches: focus on strengthening the shoulder

Avoid high-risk for direct hit

Prevention for Rotator Cuff Injury

Stretches: focus on the shoulder muscles

Avoid repetitive overhead movements

Treatment for ACL Tear

R.I.C.E. (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

Physical Therapy

Surgery

Treatment for MCL Tear

Knee brace

Physical Therapy

Surgery

Treatment for Achilles Tendon Tear

Rest and rehabilitation

Physical Therapy

Surgery

Treatment for Shin Splints

Rest and ice the shin

Stretch and strengthen lower leg muscles

Return to activity slowly

Treatment for Shoulder Dislocation

Medical relocation

Rest

Rehab or physical therapy

Treatment for Rotaotr Cuff Injury

Rest and ice

Physical Therapy

Surgery

Training and Conditioning

• Improve performance and overall fitness

• Prevent injuries and prepare the body for activity

Equipment

Provides safety for the athlete to play

Environmental

Make sure the environment is safe to play (no wet floors, unstable ground, or slippery surfaces)

Rest and Recovery

Allows the body to repair muscles after moving

Technique

Reduces the risk of injury during training or sports

Athletic Trainer

Prevents and assesses injuries in athletes

Develop training and conditioning programs

Team Physician

• Diagnoses and treats injuries and medical conditions

• Looks at the overall health of the players

Physical Therapist

• Rehabilitates injuries and restores movemnet

• Designs exercise programs to improve strength

Strength and Conditioning Coach

• Develops programs to improve strength

• Teaches proper technique so the player does not get hurt

Coach

Trains and guides athletes, plans strategies

Sports Phycologist

Helps athletes improve mental focus and get ready to play

Athlete

Follows training and recovery programs to improve performance and stay uninjured while playing