[05.49] Nationalism, Patriotism, and Love for Country in History V2.1.pdf

late 19th and early 20th centuries

During what time period did scientists play a significant role in shaping nationalism and patriotism in Southeast Asia?

scientific training, particularly in medicine

What field of training influenced anti-colonial and nationalistic sentiments among intellectuals like Jose Rizal?

resistance to assimilation of Western ideas

What shift in approach is examined regarding science and modernization in the colonies?

Benigno Ramos, Sevillo Aurello, and the Makapili

What three historical figures/groups are used to critically evaluate the concept of patriotism during the Japanese occupation?

COVID-19 pandemic

What contemporary event is discussed regarding the intersection of science, public service, and nationalism?

Scientific Patriotism: Medical Science and National Self-Fashioning in Southeast Asia

What is the title of the article by Anderson and Pols that inspired the lecture?

Imagined or refashioned themselves as socialized nationalists

How did scientists in Southeast Asia imagine or refashion themselves, according to Anderson and Pols?

Modern, progressive, and cosmopolitan

How was education described during the time of colonial expansionism and the Enlightenment period?

engaged as equals

How did scientists interact with colleagues in Europe, Japan, and North America through education?

anti-colonialism, anti-imperialism, and nationalistic stance

What sentiments were shaped by scientific training in the first generation of nationalists?

intelligentsias

What were the young men who acquired European education, forming the first generation of nationalists, called?

cultivating nationalism

What was the role of science in modernization in cultivating national consciousness?

cultural authority and legitimacy

What two things did science grant to nationalists?

empire building, colonization, and expansionism

What three forms of influence did the Enlightenment period in Europe have on Southeast Asia?

physicians or medical students

Which professional group was disproportionately represented among nationalists, according to Anderson and Pols?

organic analogies and evolutionary models

What two frameworks were physicians and medical students the most successful popularizers of?

long colonial rule held by Spanish clerics shifted in 1898 to military intervention under the United States

What political shift occurred in the Philippines in 1898 regarding colonial rule?

scientism and empirical data

What impressed social scientists, leading to the transposition of evolutionary models to the evolution of societies?

Jesuits under Ateneo

Under whose tutelage did Jose Rizal learn, and whose science he saw as modern?

medicine

What field was Rizal encouraged to take up due to his embrace of the natural sciences offered by the Jesuits?

UST (est. 1872)

Where did Rizal first study medicine?

Dominicans

What religious order oversaw UST during Rizal's time?

apathetic, lazy, and with limited intellect

How did the friars view Filipinos, which disappointed Rizal at UST?

ophthalmology in Paris and in Heidelberg

What specialized medical field and where did Rizal travel to study?

his mother’s failing eyesight

What influenced Rizal to study ophthalmology?

clandestine

How was Rizal’s departure from the Philippines described, due to friar antagonism against Indios?

Ferdinand Blumentritt, Fedor Jagor, and Rudolf Virchow

What three contemporary scientists/scholars were among Rizal’s teachers?

usage of an improved microscope (a newly invented ophthalmoscope by the Germans)

What specific technology did Rudolf Virchow encourage Rizal to use?

bacteriology, antiseptic surgery, and physical anthropology

What three subjects did Rizal take abroad, indicating his avant-garde training?

señor or monsieur

How was Rizal addressed abroad, reflecting his treatment as an equal?

prompted him to study history

What resulted from Rizal’s contrasting experiences of unpleasant treatment in the Philippines versus pleasant treatment abroad?

Philippines before colonial rule

What historical topic did Rizal study that instilled pride in his heritage?

Hồ Chí Minh

What Vietnamese revolution leader was also inspired to lead a revolution against colonizers?

Rudolph Virchow

Who is known as the father of social medicine and influenced Rizal’s political critique?

"Medicine is a social science, and politics is nothing else but medicine on a large scale"

What famous quote is attributed to Rudolph Virchow?

Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891)

What are Rizal’s two novels influenced by Virchow?

eulogy

What did Virchow give for Rizal after his execution in Bagumbayan?

Graciano Lopez Jaena

Who was Rizal’s colleague from Iloilo and founder of La Solidaridad?

TB in his 30s

What caused Graciano Lopez Jaena's death before he could finish medical studies?

General Antonio Luna

What revolutionary scientist took chemistry in UST and pharmacy in Spain?

Jose Luna

Who was the physician of the revolution?

Trinidad Pardo de Tavera

Who wrote the Plantas Medicinales de Filipinas?

assimilated liberalism

What concept was Trinidad Pardo de Tavera known to advocate for?

"lay aside sentimental patriotism for scientific patriotism"

What advice did Trinidad Pardo de Tavera give UP graduates in 1920, regarding patriotism?

liberty, industry, work, and rationality

What four concepts did Trinidad Pardo de Tavera suggest as the way forward for modernizing the Philippines under the American regime?

Fernando Calderon

Who was the first Director of the PGH after Musgrave was poisoned?

"Modern Marvels" or "Markers of Modernity"

What were the schools built by Americans touted as?

obstetrics in Paris

What specific medical field did Fernando Calderon study in Paris?

revolutionary president in Ormoc

What role did Fernando Calderon assume after the war?

hygiene and the improvement of the masses

What two things did Fernando Calderon prioritize after the war?

Vicente de Jesus, Agerico B. M. Sison, Jacobo Fajardo

What three other scientists embraced the goal of improving conditions for the Filipino masses alongside modernity?

1934

What year was scientific commitment etched in the Philippine constitution?

scientific research

What was specifically mandated to be supported by the constitution in 1934?

Late 19th century

When did physicians and scientists begin to facilitate modernization in the colonies?

interconnections and globalization

What concept did colonization establish the beginning or root of?

resisting the colonies to assimilating some ideas learned by scientists who studied abroad

What big shift in approach was experienced in the Philippines and abroad during this period?

Sun Yat Sen

What doctor and respected Chinese/Taiwanese leader emphasized scientific knowledge?

Japanese colonial modernity

What idea did Taiwanese medical professionals carry, related to the occupation of Formosa?

refashioning

What concept is the shift from resistance to assimilation cited as an example of?

Under the Stacks by Saul Hofileña, Jr.

What book provides the source material discussing patriotism during World War II?

twin betrayals by the Makapili and Bisig Bakal groups

What specific topic does Chapter 18 of Under the Stacks discuss?

Benigno Ramos

Who founded the Sakdalista movement?

1934

When was the Sakdalista movement founded?

Tydings-McDuffie law

What US law proposing a 10-year transition to independence did the Sakdalista group oppose?

immediate independence

What did the Sakdalista movement advocate for?

Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Cavite, and Bulacan

What four regions saw Benigno Ramos lead disgruntled tenants?

Japan

Where did Benigno Ramos flee to evade punishment from the Americans?

estafa

What grounds were used for Benigno Ramos's arrest in May 1939?

July 4, 1946

When was Philippine independence granted according to the Tydings-McDuffie Law?

Sakdalistas Movement

What group was outlawed by the Supreme Court on Dec 28, 1940, for inciting hatred among the labor class?

Ganap Party

What were the Sakdalistas renamed as?

Japanese occupation

When was Benigno Ramos released from prison, enabling his alignment with the Japanese?

Asia for Asians

What ideology did the Ganap Party align with the Japanese under?

They were given arms

What specific support did the Japanese give the Ganap Party to help them betray fellow Filipinos?

rapists, murderers, and assorted opportunists

What types of criminals swelled the wartime ranks of the Ganap Party?

Sevillano Aurello

Who was the nativist educator who opposed Spanish influence but embraced Japanese ideals and profited by buying supplies?

baybayin

What specific cultural item did Sevillano Aurello advocate?

Kalibapi (Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas)

What group did Sevillano Aurello initially join?

New Leaders Association

What group did Sevillano Aurello form to support Japan's Co-Prosperity Sphere?

Artemio Ricarte

Who led the Makapili (Makabayang Katipunan ng mga Pilipino)?

inform the Japanese about Filipinos, particularly guerrillas

What was the primary task of the Makapili?

Captain Osi

Whose unit was responsible for the massacre of guerrilla forces, burning 50 houses, and executing 50 people?

PGH

What institution housed the wounded Filipinos who cursed the Japanese, according to a high-ranking official's narrative?

estimated 100,000 men

What was the estimated casualty count in the Battle of Manila?

"pearl of the Orient"

What was Manila hailed as, a symbol of modernity?

Artemio Ricarte

Which collaborator had a monument placed in Batac, Ilocos Norte, identifying him as "patriotic, defiant, idealistic"?

President Roxas

Who granted amnesty to Aurelio Alvero after his trial for treason?

Vice-President of Roosevelt College

What position did Aurelio Alvero hold before he died in 1958 at the PGH?

Japanese Kempei Tai

What group's assumption of police power did Aurelio Alvero's 1944 compilation claim the Makapili was formed to avoid?

Bisig Bakal ng Tagalog

What group was claimed to have saved Manila from zonings and mass killings, perpetuating "barefaced lies"?

compare all the accounts

What method is recommended for meticulously recording history and achieving scientific value in truth seeking?

self-fashioning or refashioning

What ongoing process do historical accounts show nationalism and patriotism undergoing?

Estuar et al. (2020)

Whose ethnography discussed reflections from scientists on the Philippine government’s COVID-19 surveillance platform?

Ateneo de Manila University

What institution was Dr. Estuar from?

Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints

In what journal was the ethnography by Estuar et al. published?

Ignatian values

What principles guided the scientists in the COVID-19 surveillance team?

Dr. Manuel Dayrit

Whose story, recounted in Bughaw, is a testament to activism and community-based health programs during the Martial Law years?

Bughaw

What book, published by the AdMU Press, contains Dr. Dayrit's vignettes?

1977

What year was Dr. Dayrit 26 and what year did the polio outbreak occur in Mindanao?

policies for the country

What key role of leadership have scientists and medical doctors taken on, shaping policies?