Unit 3 Biology

structures and function of organelles, animal cells vs plant cells, eukaryotic vs prokaryotic

Nucleus

Structure: Membrane

Function: stores genetic material

Plasma Membrane

Structure: Membrane - phospholipids bilayers

Function: Restricts what comes in/out of the cell (semipermeable)

Breaks down materials and repurposes them

Cell Wall

Structure: Complex Carbs - chitlin, cellulose, etc.

Function: provides structure and protection

Mitochondria

Structure: Double Membrane - ETC enzymes

Function: site of ATP synthesis and cellular respiration

Vacuoles

Structure: Membrane - has transport proteins

Function: Transports “staff”

Chloroplasts

Structure: Double Membrane \*chlorophyll

Function: site of photosynthesis

Ribosomes

Structure: rRna - long and small subunit

Function: synthesize proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Structure: Membrane

Function: helps fold protein and transports them; synthesizes lipids

Golgi Body

Structure: membrane - has transport proteins

Function: organizes and distributes lipids, carbs, proteins

Lysosome

Structure: Membrane - contains digestive enzymes

Function: break down materials and repurposes them

Cilia

Structure: small hair-like projections of the plasma membrane

Function: Transportation

Eyespots

Structure: highly pigmented region in the cytoplasm

Function: detects light

Pseudopod

Structure: projection of the cytoplasm

Function: transportation and collection

Flagella

Structure: long whip-like projection of the plasma membrane

Function: transportation and collection

Plant Cell

Eukaryotic cells; have a true nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out different functions; round shape

Animal Cell

eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; does not have cell wall

Eukaryotic cells

any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus; complex; membrane-bound structures;proteins for transport; larger

Prokaryotic cells

any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to the absence of internal membranes; simple; no membrane-bound structures; transport with diffusion; smaller; contains DNA strands called plasmids

mitochondria, nucleus, vacuole, and chloroplasts

What structures are not found in prokaryotes, but in eukaryotes?

Ribosomes, DNA, RNA (DNA & RNA are not enclosed by a membrane in prokaryotes)

What structures are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?